Corn Earworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as Pests of Soybean

Swenson, Stephanie J.; Prischmann‐Voldseth, Deirdre A.; Musser, Fred R.

doi:10.1603/ipm13008

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Corn earworm is a widely distributed polyphagous pest of numerous cultivated crops (Fitt 1989, Swenson et al 2013). Corn, Zea mays (L), is preferred for oviposition compared to other plant hosts (Johnson et al 1975).…”

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“…Corn, Zea mays (L), is preferred for oviposition compared to other plant hosts (Johnson et al 1975). When corn senesces, corn earworm adults often begin to oviposit in soybean and can cause considerable economic damage (Johnson et al 1975, Kogan 1979, Swenson et al 2013, Musser et al 2015). Infestations generally occur during the R1 to R3 growth stages (Fehr and Caviness 1977) in open canopied fields (Johnson et al 1975, Swenson et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When corn senesces, corn earworm adults often begin to oviposit in soybean and can cause considerable economic damage (Johnson et al 1975, Kogan 1979, Swenson et al 2013, Musser et al 2015). Infestations generally occur during the R1 to R3 growth stages (Fehr and Caviness 1977) in open canopied fields (Johnson et al 1975, Swenson et al 2013). Larval feeding may result in defoliation, delayed pod fill, and decreased seed number per pod, ultimately resulting in yield loss (Eckel et al 1992a).…”

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“…Larval feeding may result in defoliation, delayed pod fill, and decreased seed number per pod, ultimately resulting in yield loss (Eckel et al 1992a). Severity of damage from larval feeding depends on four factors: larval age, plant growth stage, timing of damage, and the ability of the plant to compensate for feeding (Swenson et al 2013). All larval instars prefer to feed on blooms over leaves or pods (Mueller and Engroff 1980).…”

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Residual and Systemic Efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide Against Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean

et al. 2016

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Experiments were conducted in Mississippi from 2013 to 2015 to determine the systemic and residual efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide against corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in soybean. Both insecticides were applied at V4 and R3. Ten leaves that were present at the time of application and 10 newly emerged leaves that were not present at the time of application were collected to measure residual and systemic efficacy, respectively. Ten pods were removed from each plot at R5.5. For all assays, corn earworm larvae were placed on plant material. Chlorantraniliprole appeared to provide systemic control of H. zea, but was dependent on soybean growth stage at the time of application. In the V4 experiment, chlorantraniliprole resulted in greater mortality than the control on new leaves at 7 d after treatment, but not at 14 d. In the R3 experiment, chlorantraniliprole resulted in greater than 90% mortality on new leaves at all evaluation intervals. Mortality of H. zea on new leaves was <17% for flubendiamide and was not different than the control. Both insecticides resulted in significant mortality of H. zea on leaves that were present at the time of application for at least 31 d after application. Chlorantraniliprole resulted in greater mortality than flubendiamide at 24 and 31 d. Neither insecticide resulted in mortality of H. zea feeding on reproductive structures. These results suggest that chlorantraniliprole moves to new vegetative structures but not to reproductive structures of soybean, and that flubendiamide does not move systemically.

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Residual and Systemic Efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide Against Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean

et al. 2016

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“…Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), also known as "New World bollworm" and corn earworm, is an important insect pest, being able to damage several crops of economic interest [8][9][10][11]. Although soybean is not the main host, the damage caused by H. zea to soybean has increased over time, especially in the southeastern region of the United States [2,[12][13][14][15][16]. In relation to losses in yield and cost of control, H. zea has been considered one of the most economically important pests for soybean producing regions of the southeastern region of the United States [2,14].…”

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Simulated Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea, Injury in an Indeterminate Soybean Cultivar at Various Growth Stages under Non-Irrigated Conditions in the Southern United States

et al. 2020

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Soybean is considered one of the most valuable crops in the United States of America. Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is among several insect pests which are associated with soybean, damaging leaves when infestations occur during the vegetative stages, and flowers and pods during the reproductive stages, which can directly impact yield. Artificial fruit removal is a method used to understand insect damage and to adjust action levels for control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of five levels of fruit removal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four stages (R2, R3, R4 and R5) on maturity and yield of soybean. These methods were used to simulate H. zea damage under controlled conditions in non-irrigated environments, during 2016 and 2017. There was a significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level for the percentage of non-senesced main stems and abscised leaves. For soybean yield, there was no significant interaction between fruit removal timing and fruit removal level. Plots that received fruit removal treatments at R5 had significantly lower soybean yields compared to plots that received damage at other growth stages and the nontreated control. Plots with 100% fruit removal had significantly lower yields compared to plots that received any of the other fruit removal treatments. These data demonstrate that indeterminate midmaturity group IV soybeans that are commonly grown in the midsouthern region of the United States may be able to compensate for even severe levels of fruit loss early during the reproductive portion of the growing season if favorable growing conditions occur.

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Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea hybridization: constraints, heterosis, and implications for pest management

Rios

Specht

Roque–Specht

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The invasion of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into the New World has made it possible for this pest to hybridize with a native American species, H. zea (Boddie), under natural conditions. We investigated the viability and development of hybrids of these two Helicoverpa species. We reared the parental species and evaluated crosses between H. armigera males and H. zea females and vice versa, two intercrosses between hybrids, and eight backcrosses between hybrids and parental species. We estimated the length of immature stages, fecundity, survival, sex ratio, and heterosis. RESULTS: Although hybridization occcurred, with heterosis during the development of immatures, reproductive incompatibilities also were observed between the parental species and between hybrids from subsequent crosses. The interspecific crosses between hybrids and backcrosses confirmed the possibility of introgression events and their perpetuation in field populations. The results indicate that hybridization events are favored at high population levels, while at low population levels the 'species identities' will be maintained. CONCLUSIONS:The possibility of interspecific gene flow and its perpetuation through successive crosses and backcrosses suggests several recommenations for management. Populations of both species should be maintained at an equilibrium level to reduce the chance of interspecific crosses, which are presumably more likely to occur during pest outbreaks. The existence of hybridization and resistance to different active pesticide ingredients should be monitored. All practices related to managing the resistance of these pests to chemical and biological insecticides should be systematized to reduce the chance of selecting for resistant individuals.

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Corn Earworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as Pests of Soybean

Cited by 17 publications

References 77 publications

Residual and Systemic Efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide Against Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean

Residual and Systemic Efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide Against Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean

Simulated Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea, Injury in an Indeterminate Soybean Cultivar at Various Growth Stages under Non-Irrigated Conditions in the Southern United States

Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea hybridization: constraints, heterosis, and implications for pest management

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