“…(2016), and Shariff et al . (2016). However, even biochar yields >50% with maize cob as feedstock has been reported before (Rafiq et al ., 2016).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of the lack of equipment; we could not investigate the physiochemical characterisation of the corncob feedstock used during the study, which limits us to give a better feedstock comparison with other studies. However, based on our findings and reviewed literature; it can be argued that the corncob feedstock we used for pyrolysis had a high lignin content (Intani et al ., 2016) hence producing a higher biochar yield than that reported in the previous studies (Shariff et al ., 2016a).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These findings provide a stepping stone to explore more and maximise the production and performance of maize cob‐based biochar in water purification. Maize cobs are composed of 45.88% cellulose, 39.40% hemicelluloses and 11.32% lignin, 7.14 mf wt% moisture content, 1.05 mf wt% ash content, 87.76 mf wt% volatile matter, have high fixed carbon, low percentages of nitrogen and sulphur, and they start to degrade at 250°C (Shariff et al ., 2016a). Based on these findings, Shariff et al (2016a) concluded that maize cobs are suitable feedstock for slow pyrolysis and production of high‐quality biochar.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maize cobs are composed of 45.88% cellulose, 39.40% hemicelluloses and 11.32% lignin, 7.14 mf wt% moisture content, 1.05 mf wt% ash content, 87.76 mf wt% volatile matter, have high fixed carbon, low percentages of nitrogen and sulphur, and they start to degrade at 250°C (Shariff et al ., 2016a). Based on these findings, Shariff et al (2016a) concluded that maize cobs are suitable feedstock for slow pyrolysis and production of high‐quality biochar. In this research study, the authors report a slow pyrolysis of maize cob agricultural wastes using appropriate technology to produce biochar for water purification.…”
The study aimed at biochar production from maize cob and its performance in improving water physiochemical attributes. Three feedstock masses (2, 2.5, 3 kg) were used for biochar production. Nine treatment combinations of T1L1, T1L2, T1L3, T2L1, T2L2, T2L3, T3L1, T3L2 and T3L3 in triplicate were used for biochar performance. Biochar yield of 50% was averagely achieved at slow pyrolysis conditions (300 to 600°C) and 120 min residence time. Biochar had 4.13% moisture content, 6.86% ash, 17.70% volatile matter, 71.28% fixed carbon, and a pH of 10.27. Odour, colour, and total hardness of the wastewater improved after filtration using biochar to acceptable levels for potable water use. Total hardness reduced by 51.9% in T2L2 and 44.4% in T3L2. Findings front maize cob biochar as a purification technology for domestic potable water use. There is need for maize cob biochar performance on heavy metals and when it is sandwiched with other materials.
“…(2016), and Shariff et al . (2016). However, even biochar yields >50% with maize cob as feedstock has been reported before (Rafiq et al ., 2016).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of the lack of equipment; we could not investigate the physiochemical characterisation of the corncob feedstock used during the study, which limits us to give a better feedstock comparison with other studies. However, based on our findings and reviewed literature; it can be argued that the corncob feedstock we used for pyrolysis had a high lignin content (Intani et al ., 2016) hence producing a higher biochar yield than that reported in the previous studies (Shariff et al ., 2016a).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These findings provide a stepping stone to explore more and maximise the production and performance of maize cob‐based biochar in water purification. Maize cobs are composed of 45.88% cellulose, 39.40% hemicelluloses and 11.32% lignin, 7.14 mf wt% moisture content, 1.05 mf wt% ash content, 87.76 mf wt% volatile matter, have high fixed carbon, low percentages of nitrogen and sulphur, and they start to degrade at 250°C (Shariff et al ., 2016a). Based on these findings, Shariff et al (2016a) concluded that maize cobs are suitable feedstock for slow pyrolysis and production of high‐quality biochar.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maize cobs are composed of 45.88% cellulose, 39.40% hemicelluloses and 11.32% lignin, 7.14 mf wt% moisture content, 1.05 mf wt% ash content, 87.76 mf wt% volatile matter, have high fixed carbon, low percentages of nitrogen and sulphur, and they start to degrade at 250°C (Shariff et al ., 2016a). Based on these findings, Shariff et al (2016a) concluded that maize cobs are suitable feedstock for slow pyrolysis and production of high‐quality biochar. In this research study, the authors report a slow pyrolysis of maize cob agricultural wastes using appropriate technology to produce biochar for water purification.…”
The study aimed at biochar production from maize cob and its performance in improving water physiochemical attributes. Three feedstock masses (2, 2.5, 3 kg) were used for biochar production. Nine treatment combinations of T1L1, T1L2, T1L3, T2L1, T2L2, T2L3, T3L1, T3L2 and T3L3 in triplicate were used for biochar performance. Biochar yield of 50% was averagely achieved at slow pyrolysis conditions (300 to 600°C) and 120 min residence time. Biochar had 4.13% moisture content, 6.86% ash, 17.70% volatile matter, 71.28% fixed carbon, and a pH of 10.27. Odour, colour, and total hardness of the wastewater improved after filtration using biochar to acceptable levels for potable water use. Total hardness reduced by 51.9% in T2L2 and 44.4% in T3L2. Findings front maize cob biochar as a purification technology for domestic potable water use. There is need for maize cob biochar performance on heavy metals and when it is sandwiched with other materials.
“… Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy of a corn cob, reprinted with permission from Shariff et al ( 2016 ), b calcined corn cob ash obtained at 650 ˚C for 2 h, c nanosilica from corn cob, reprinted with permission from Mohanraj et al ( 2012 ), d nano-structured silica from corn cob with an average diameter of 55 nm, reprinted with permission from Okoronkwo et al ( 2016 ) …”
Research and technology development in the field of residual biomass exploitation for the production of biofuels is advancing. Non-food waste could form an excellent feedstock for biofuel generation. Residual biomass of food or first generation biofuels industries forms an ideal feedstock for fuel production forming simultaneously an environmentally friendlier solution for their disposal. A number of challenges are associated with waste-biomass exploitation as collection, transportation and their management can dramatically affect the economics of the processes. The economics can however be improved if added value products are extracted prior to their treatment for biofuels. Furthermore, technological challenges related to feedstock quality and quantity variations have to be resolved. In this section, promising biomass for the characterization and the potential exploitation of which, substantial research is already in place is presented. The relevant biomass is, or has the potential to be abundant and its exploitation in the near future is realistic and possible.
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