Cork stoppers industry: defining appropriate mould colonization

Oliveira, Ana Catarina; Peres, C.; Pires, J.M. Correia; Pereira, Cristina Silva; Vitorino, S. I.; Marques, J. J. Figueiredo; Crespo, Maria Teresa Barreto; Romão, M. V. San

doi:10.1078/0944-5013-00183

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Cork is shown to constitute a true ecosystem, with a fairly complex and changing microbial community, as determined by cultivation-dependent methods (3,15,30,37). Most authors have found a rather low richness at the final stages of the stopper manufacturing process, with Chrysonilia sytophila and Penicillium glabrum as the dominant species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Fingerprinting by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Reveals Differences in the Levels of Microbial Diversity for Musty-Earthy Tainted Corks

Prat

Ruiz-Rueda

Trias

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The microbial community structure of cork with marked musty-earthy aromas was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified ribosomal DNA. Cork stoppers and discs were used for DNA extraction and were analyzed by using selective primers for bacteria and fungi. Stoppers clearly differed from discs harboring a different fungal community. Moreover, musty-earthy samples of both types were shown to have a specific microbiota. The fungi Penicillium glabrum and Neurospora spp. were present in all samples and were assumed to make only a small contribution to off-odor development. In contrast, Penicillium islandicum and Penicillium variabile were found almost exclusively in 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) tainted discs. Conversely, Rhodotorula minuta and Rhodotorula sloofiae were most common in cork stoppers, where only small amounts of TCA were detected. Alpha-and gammaproteobacteria were the most commonly found bacteria in either control or tainted cork stoppers. Specific Pseudomonas and Actinobacteria were detected in stoppers with low amounts of TCA and 2-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrazine. These results are discussed in terms of biological degradation of taint compounds by specific microorganisms. Reliable and straightforward microbial identification methods based on a molecular approach provided useful data to determine and evaluate the risk of taint formation in cork.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Fingerprinting by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Reveals Differences in the Levels of Microbial Diversity for Musty-Earthy Tainted Corks

Prat

Ruiz-Rueda

Trias

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It includes one operation, known as cork slab stabilization (Fortes et al, 2004), where the superficial area of the moist, boiled cork slabs is extensively colonized by fungi (Danesh et al, 1997;Oliveira et al, 2003). The boiling step is a standard procedure, necessary to obtain a more homogeneous cellular structure, through the expansion of the collapsed and wrinkled cork cells, and it results in a material with adequate moisture content and flexibility from which stoppers for bottles can be punched out (Rosa et al, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of fungal colonization on mechanical performance of cork

Pereira

Soares

Oliveira

et al. 2006

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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The industrialization of traditional processes relies on the scientific ability to understand the empirical evidence associated with traditional knowledge. Cork manufacturing includes one operation known as stabilization, where humid cork slabs are extensively colonized by fungi. The implications of fungal growth on the chemical quality of cork through the analysis of putative fungal metabolites have already been investigated. However, the effect of fungal growth on the mechanical properties of cork remains unexplored. This study investigated the effect of cork colonization on the integrity of the cork cell walls and their mechanical performance. Fungal colonization of cork by Chrysonilia sitophila, Mucor plumbeus Penicillium glabrum, P. olsonii, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum was investigated by microscopy. Growth occurred primarily on the surface of the cork pieces, but mycelium extended deeper into the cork layers, mostly via lenticular channels and by hyphal penetration of the cork cell wall.In this first report on cork decay in which specific correlation between fungal colonization and mechanical proprieties of the cork has been investigated, all colonizing fungi except C. sitophila, reduced cork strength, markedly altering its viscoelastic behaviour and reducing its Young's modulus. r

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“…This type of industry has already been associated with exposure to several fungal species, most commonly with the Penicillium glabrum complex and Chrysonilia sitophila (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The presence of the P. glabrum complex in this industry involves the risk of respiratory diseases such as suberosis, a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that is one of the most prevalent diseases among cork workers (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of exposure to the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry using complementing methods / Ocjena izloženosti kompleksu Penicillium glabrum u proizvodnji pluta s pomoću komplementarnih metoda

Viegas

Sabino

Botelho

et al. 2015

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Cork oak is the second most dominant forest species in Portugal and makes this country the world leader in cork export. Occupational exposure to Chrysonilia sitophila and the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry is common, and the latter fungus is associated with suberosis. However, as conventional methods seem to underestimate its presence in occupational environments, the aim of our study was to see whether information obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a molecular-based method, can complement conventional findings and give a better insight into occupational exposure of cork industry workers. We assessed fungal contamination with the P. glabrum complex in three cork manufacturing plants in the outskirts of Lisbon using both conventional and molecular methods. Conventional culturing failed to detect the fungus at six sampling sites in which PCR did detect it. This confirms our assumption that the use of complementing methods can provide information for a more accurate assessment of occupational exposure to the P. glabrum complex in cork industry.

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Cork stoppers industry: defining appropriate mould colonization

Abstract: This study is very important for the cork stopper industry as it gives clear indications on how to keep high quality manufacturing standards and how to avoid occupational health problems.

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Molecular Fingerprinting by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Reveals Differences in the Levels of Microbial Diversity for Musty-Earthy Tainted Corks

Molecular Fingerprinting by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Reveals Differences in the Levels of Microbial Diversity for Musty-Earthy Tainted Corks

Effect of fungal colonization on mechanical performance of cork

Assessment of exposure to the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry using complementing methods / Ocjena izloženosti kompleksu Penicillium glabrum u proizvodnji pluta s pomoću komplementarnih metoda

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