Corilagin in Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of Anticancer Activities and Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Corilagin (β-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose), an ellagitannin, is one of the major bioactive compounds present in various plants. Ellagitannins belong to the hydrolyzable tannins, a group of polyphenols. Corilagin shows broad-spectrum biological, and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor actions. Natural compounds possessing antitumor activities have attracted significant attention for treatment of cancer. Corilagin has shown inhibitory activity against the growth of numerous cancer cells by prompting cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and augmented apoptosis. Corilagin-induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death depends on production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in breast cancer cell line. It blocks the activation of both the canonical Smad and non-canonical extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathways. The potential apoptotic action of corilagin is mediated by altered expression of procaspase-3, procaspase-8, procaspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, and Bcl-2 Bax. In nude mice, corilagin suppressed cholangiocarcinoma growth and downregulated the expression of Notch1 and mammalian target of rapamycin. The aim of this review is to summarize the anticancer efficacy of corilagin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involving various signaling pathways in tumor cells.

Antifungal, Antitumoral and Antioxidant Potential of the Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Extracts

“…The cytotoxicity of the N. alba leaf and root extracts, due to the presence of bioactive compounds as corilagin, chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid can be explained on the one hand by inhibition of gene β-catenin and induction of genes as GSK-3β, promoting the tumor cell apoptosis [23,24]. Flavonoids such as quercetin, naringin, naringenin, and apigenin inhibit or activate the different phases of cell cycle, and are also responsible for inducing apoptosis by regulating the expression of different apoptotic signaling pathways.…”

“…Flavonoids such as quercetin, naringin, naringenin, and apigenin inhibit or activate the different phases of cell cycle, and are also responsible for inducing apoptosis by regulating the expression of different apoptotic signaling pathways. Most of them show inhibitory effects on breast cancer by down-regulating estrogen receptor ER-α expression, inhibiting metastasis and proliferation, inducing caspase-mediated cell death and arresting the cell cycle [23,24,43]. The IC50 value is a highly sensitive metric that is used to evaluate the results of drug response and drug potency.…”

“…With all this in mind, we searched for antifungal, antitumoral, and antioxidant properties in extracts of Nymphaea alba (N. alba) (Figure 1), a member of a large Nymphaeaceae family of aquatic plants worldwide distributed and used for hundreds of years in traditional medicine. N. alba species contain antioxidant polyphenols, flavonoids and derived acids such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quercetin, luteolin, orientin, catechin, epicatechin, naringin, naringenin and rutin phytochemicals that have shown inhibitory effects on different phases of cell cycle and are also responsible for inducing apoptosis by regulating the expression of different apoptotic signaling pathways [22][23][24]. Flower extracts of the Nymphaea genus have been reported to have antineoplastic effects in different types of cancer, including leukemia, lung cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer [25].…”

Corilagin Represses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Process Through Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Cascade

“…Corilagin (CLG) can be isolated from wide range of medical plants [ 23 , 24 ] and can display many biological activities including those of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-tumor [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], but its impact on EMT has not been well characterized yet. We report here for the first time that CLG reduced levels of different mesenchymal markers and enhanced that of epithelial markers (occludin and E-cadherin) in both SNU-C2A and DU145 cells.…”

“…A number of agents derived from Mother Nature have been reported to be efficacious against tumor growth and progression [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Corilagin (CLG) is one such unique component of the tannin family [ 23 ], which can be found in a wide range of medical plants such as Longan, Lumnitzera racemose , Terminalia catappa L, and Phyllanthus species [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. CLG has been reported to possess many pharmacological and biological properties including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-tumor activities [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”