Coreference and bound anaphora: A restatement of the anaphora questions

Disjoint reference and the typology of pronouns

“…Blocking can be seen either as a grammatical condition applying to syntactic representations (Bouchard 1983, Yadurajan 1987, Burzio 1996, Burzio 1998, 3 or as an extragrammatical (pragmatic) condition involving generalized conversational implicature, informativeness, hearer strategies for recovering speaker meaning, etc. (Dowty 1980, Reinhart 1983a, Reinhart 1983b, Farmer and Harnish 1987, Levinson 1987, 2000.…”

Argument Contained Ellipsis

“…As I intend to show that the Argument Controlled Ellipsis facts follow from the interaction of elliptical dependence and referential dependence, it would be to my advantage to employ a system of anaphoric relations that formally encodes both binding and coreference. Heim (1992) develops a revision of Reinhart (1983) which does exactly this. Heim's system captures the formal distinction between bound variable anaphora and coreference, but also allows coreference relations to be represented in the syntax.…”

“…Precisely this distinction is made in the model of anaphoric relations developed in Reinhart (1983). A fundamental claim of this theory is that coindexation does not entail coreference, nor does non-coindexation entail non-coreference.…”

“…The indices on the subjects of the elliptically related VPs indicate which elements within their respective c-command domains are to be interpreted as variables bound by them. That is, the coindexed subjects bind all and only like-indexed anaphoric elements within their respective scopes; the interpretation of these anaphoric elements is governed solely by their binders, not by the numerical values of syntactic indices (Reinhart 1983, Heim 1992, Grodzinsky & Reinhart 1993). This fact can be clearly demonstrated if the semantic translation of (52) is represented using lambda notation, substituting the same letter, "x", for the numerical index "1", as in (54):…”

“…§2 gives a detailed presentation of the Argument Contained Ellipsis data. §3 sketches a model of ellipsis that provides a means of directly representing both referential and elliptical dependence; the former through the model of anaphoric relations developed in Reinhart (1983) and modified in Heim (1992), and the latter by imposing a strict identity requirement on VP ellipsis. Drawing on the work of Higginbotham (1983) and Haïk (1985Haïk ( , 1987, in §4 I discuss referential dependence, propose some modifications in line with the system of anaphoric relations adopted in §3, and state conditions on dependence.…”