Core–Shell Structured Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Nanocomposites for Triclosan and Triclocarban Adsorption

Abstract

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used as bactericides in personal-care products. They are frequently found in environmental water and have the potential to cause a number of environmental and human health problems. In this study, we investigated adsorption and magnetic extraction for efficient removal of TCS and TCC from water and serum samples by core–shell structured magnetic covalent organic framework nanocomposites (Fe3O4@COFs). The as-prepared Fe3O4@COFs was fabricated on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in situ growth strategy at room temperature via condensation reaction of 1,3,5-tris­(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and terephthaldicarbox-aldehyde (TPA) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The whole process of adsorption was monitored by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis with high sensitivity. The adsorption behaviors showed high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption performance through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed multilayer adsorption through the interactions of space embedding effect, van der Waals forces, and benzene ring π–π stacking at a low concentration range and monolayer adsorption through strong π–π stacking at a high concentration range between the interface of TCS or TCC and Fe3O4@COFs at a high concentration range. Results indicated that the adsorption of TCS and TCC onto Fe3O4@COFs can be better represented by the pseudo-second-order model. Good removal efficiencies (82.3∼95.4%) and recoveries (92.9∼109.5%) of TCS and TCC in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and reusability at least 10 times were achieved. The Fe3O4@COFs exhibited high stability and excellent performance for the removal of TCS and TCC from water and biological samples. The results presented here thus reveal the exceptional potential of COFs for high-efficient environmental remediation.

Orderly Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks-based Materials: Superior Adsorbents for Pollutants Removal from Aqueous Solutions

“…Adsorption performances are highly affected not only by multiple weak intermolecular interactions (e.g., hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals [vdW] interactions) but also by intrinsic characteristics (e.g., surface charge, pore size, shape, electronic states, crystallinity, surface-to-mass ratio, decorated functional groups, and surface wrapping in the biological medium) of various adsorbents. 237 Therefore, multiple mechanisms may simultaneously control pollutant adsorption, and the exact removal mechanism could be understood via macroscopic experiments and microscopic analysis.…”

Nanomaterials with Tailored Magnetic Properties as Adsorbents of Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters

“…Immobilization of COFs on solid substrates is a strategy to improve stability and dispersibility, while taking advantage of the properties of all materials present in the composite [108]. Yi et al [109] prepared core-shell-structured magnetic COF nanocomposites (Fe 3 O 4 @COFs) for the adsorption of triclosan and triclocarban in aqueous solutions. Fe 3 O 4 @COFs was fabricated on the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles using an in-situ growth strategy at room temperature via a condensation reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene and terephthaldicarbox-aldehyde in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide.…”

Covalent Organic Framework Composites: Synthesis and Analytical Applications

“…A step forward in the application of COFs for contaminant removal is the development of magnetic COF composites, which can improve the adsorbent recovery from the sample matrix. Accordingly, different composites have been recently reported as efficient adsorbents to remove diclofenac [32,92,93], sulfonamides [93,94], and triclosan and triclocarban [95] from contaminated water samples (Table 2). For instance, Fe 3 O 4 /TpPa-1 composite was applied as an efficient adsorbent to remove diclofenac sodium from lake water, showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 565 mg•g −1 [32].…”