Core–Shell HZSM-5@silicalite-1 Composite: Controllable Synthesis and Catalytic Performance in Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol

Li, Guixian; Wu, Chao; Dong, Peng; Dong, Jun; Zhang, Yongfu

doi:10.1007/s10562-019-03085-y

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is suggested that increasing the total pressure decreases the toluene concentrations in the catalyst pores, leading to lower conversion due to reduced methanol usage for toluene methylation . Li et al observed a decreasing trend of toluene conversion and para -selectivity with increasing pressure from atmospheric to 40 bar . Increased methylation reactor pressure was found to suppress the catalyst deactivation (see Table S1 in the Supporting Information), which extends the catalyst life and decreases the catalyst regenerations.…”

Section: Process Design and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Li et al observed a decreasing trend of toluene conversion and para-selectivity with increasing pressure from atmospheric to 40 bar. 85 Increased methylation reactor pressure was found to suppress the catalyst deactivation (see Table S1 in the Supporting Information), which extends the catalyst life and decreases the catalyst regenerations. Overall, it is seen that increasing the methylation reactor pressure has its own benefits and drawbacks, which must be optimized and evaluated, with respect to its economic impact.…”

Section: Process Design and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Process Design Strategies To Produce p-Xylene via Toluene Methylation: A Review

Chakinala

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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It is envisaged that the future refineries will be reconfiguring for the direct conversion of crude oil to chemicals to improve their profitability. In this direction, the toluene methylation process offers a promising route for the production of high-value p-xylene from low-cost feedstocks such as toluene and methanol. There is a growing commercial interest in the toluene methylation process, because it can theoretically produce double the amounts of p-xylene with high selectivities, when compared with the other existing processes (such as disproportionation and transalkylation), and it can be the next-generation method of producing p-xylene. Past and current research approaches were mainly focused on improving the catalyst activity (high toluene conversion and para-selectivity) by introducing several modifying agents. However, still the major challenge of this process lies in the development of an efficient catalyst without compromising on the methylation activity and para-selectivity. In addition, catalyst deactivation is another major issue that is mainly due to the coking precursors derived from methanol conversion. To address these issues, a good understanding of the mass transfer plays a vital role in the catalyst design, as well as process design and optimization strategies. This review summarizes the fundamental aspects of possible reaction mechanisms that occur in the process, useful reaction kinetics data for the process optimization studies and scaleup, with emphasis on recent developments in the catalyst design, deactivation mechanism, and process development strategies. A future perspective is also provided related to the catalyst design and process design strategies for addressing the gaps in this field.

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Section: Process Design and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Design and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Design Strategies To Produce p-Xylene via Toluene Methylation: A Review

Chakinala

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…19,20 Metal nanoparticle core@zeolite shell materials are potential candidates for one-step realization of tandem reactions such as the Fischer-Tropsch selective synthesis of gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. [21][22][23] In addition, they show a long catalytic life in some high-temperature reactions such as propane dehydrogenation to propene as a result of effective suppression of agglomeration of metal nanoparticles by the zeolite shell. 24,25 Certainly, the catalytic performance is closely related to the metal nanoparticle's size and zeolite's structure, acidity, chemical composition and shell thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of adsorption and catalytic properties of zeolites by precisely controlling their particle morphology

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Chem. Commun.

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“…36−39 Other examples for ZSM-5 zeolites coated with a layer of silicalite-1 were reported and employed in other applications such as methanol conversion into gasoline and diesel, 40 ketonization and cracking reactions, 41 and alkylation of toluene. [20][21][22]42,43 However, the Si/Al ratio in the ZSM-5 core used was relatively high, ranging from 25 to more than 100, which hinders to broaden the application of the surfacepassivated catalysts with the highly acid zeolitic core. 44 In this paper, we report the preparation of novel catalysts with a ZSM-5 core with a low Si/Al ratio passivated with a single and multilayer silicalite-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivated Surface of High Aluminum Containing ZSM-5 by Silicalite-1: Synthesis and Application in Dehydration Reaction

Giordano

Migliori

Ferrarelli

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Methanol dehydration reaction is an essential process to bridge the biomass conversion and chemicals. However, the undesired distribution of zeolite acidity hinders its excellent catalytic performance. In this work, the technique of passivating surface acidity of a high aluminum containing ZSM-5 zeolite by the growth of the silicalite-1 layer under hydrothermal conditions is presented. The samples passivated with a single-step or double-step silicalite-1 deposition were tested for the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether and compared to the parent ZSM-5 zeolite using a bench-scale packed bed reactor operated at 160−240 °C under atmospheric pressure. The formation of an amorphous silica layer determines the decrease of the accessible micropore surface determining the drop in conversion and selectivity of the catalyst with the passivating single-step silicalite-1 deposition with respect to the parent zeolite. In contrast, the catalyst with a double-step silicalite-1 deposition showed a conversion close to the parent ZSM-5 zeolite one but with an improved selectivity at high temperature, due to the low coke formation and retention in the highly porous structure.

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Core–Shell HZSM-5@silicalite-1 Composite: Controllable Synthesis and Catalytic Performance in Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Process Design Strategies To Produce p-Xylene via Toluene Methylation: A Review

Process Design Strategies To Produce p-Xylene via Toluene Methylation: A Review

Improvement of adsorption and catalytic properties of zeolites by precisely controlling their particle morphology

Passivated Surface of High Aluminum Containing ZSM-5 by Silicalite-1: Synthesis and Application in Dehydration Reaction

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