Core and symbiotic genes reveal nine Mesorhizobium genospecies and three symbiotic lineages among the rhizobia nodulating Cicer canariense in its natural habitat (La Palma, Canary Islands)

Genotypic alteration and competitive nodulation of Mesorhizobium muleiense against exotic chickpea rhizobia in alkaline soils

“…The productivity of chickpea is important for feeding people in developing countries and it has a strong international demand [14]. Chickpea nodulation and rhizobial inoculation have been studied intensively in many countries during the last three decades [2,[14][15][16]. Three main rhizobial species specifically nodulating chickpea have been described: Mesorhizobium ciceri and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum in Spain [1,11,12], and Mesorhizobium muleiense in Xinjiang, China [23].…”

“…Despite the diversity of Mesorhizobium species nodulating chickpea, the highly conserved symbiotic genes nodC and nifH are shared across these species [9,13,23,24]. Most recently, Armas-Capote et al reported that more than nine Mesorhizobium genospecies could nodulate Cicer canariense in a natural habitat on La Palma, Canary Islands [2]. Of these genospecies, one was identified as M. ciceri since it possessed a nodC sequence 100% similar to that of M. ciceri [2].…”

“…Most recently, Armas-Capote et al reported that more than nine Mesorhizobium genospecies could nodulate Cicer canariense in a natural habitat on La Palma, Canary Islands [2]. Of these genospecies, one was identified as M. ciceri since it possessed a nodC sequence 100% similar to that of M. ciceri [2]. No M. mediterraneum and M. muleiense were found on La Palma [2], and it is clear that a biogeographic pattern exists among the chickpea rhizobia.…”

Deciphering the phylogenetic relationships among rhizobia nodulating chickpea: A Review

“…Nine biotypes were observed on the basis of 16S-RFLP and predominant ribotypes were found to be clustered with reference strains of M. ciceri, M. tianshanense, M. mettallidurans, M. opportunistum, M. caraganae, M. tamadayense, M. gobiense. The results revealed that the effective symbiosis occurs due to combination of core and symbiotic genes and C. canariense appears to be a promiscuous legume as it is nodulated by several species and symbiotypes [68].…”

“…the genome size of 20 strains of E.coli varies from 4.6 to 5.5Mb. It means the microbial genome is dynamic rather than static [68]. The complete genome sequence of around 31 rhizobia were annotated till June 2013 and it is available in public database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).…”