Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868 Mycelium with The Addition of Bioavailable Forms of Magnesium from Deep Ocean Water Prevents the Aβ40 and Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit via Suppressing Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Increasing Magnesium Uptake of Brain

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by continuous accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. Deep ocean water (DOW) with rich inorganic salts and minerals was proven to promote fungi growth and metabolism. Cordyceps cicada, a functional food fungus, can produce higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds including adenosine, polysaccharide, and N(6)-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA). This study used DOW as the culture water of C. cicadae NTTU 868 for producing DOW-cultured C. cicadae (DCC), and further investigated the effects and mechanisms on improving the memory deficit and repressing risk factors expressions in Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer’s disease rats model. In the results, DCC including mycelium and filtrate had adenosine, HEA, polysaccharide, and intracellular Mg2+ after fermentation with DOW. DCC had more effect on the improvement of memory deficit because it suppressed Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ) infusion caused BACE, pro-inflammatory factors expressions, and Aβ40 accumulation by increasing sRAGE expression in the brain. Furthermore, DCC enhanced the MAGT1 expression due to high organic magnesium, which can reverse Aβ40-induced cortex magnesium deficiency and further repress Aβ40 accumulation.

Using Deep Ocean Water in the Fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea to Boost Magnesium Ion Bioabsorption and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Brain of an Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model

“…In AD animal models, feeding magnesium-containing substances can effectively supplement the lack of magnesium ions in the brain, thereby improving the effect of AD [34]. This study shows that the magnesium ions absorbed by A. cinnamomea mycelia during the fermentation process can help to supplement the lack of magnesium in the hippocampus.…”

“…Past studies have confirmed that magnesium ions absorbed by Cordyceps cicadae contribute to the uptake efficiency of magnesium ions in the brain. Adding DOW-cultured Cordyceps cicadae can effectively supplement the magnesium ions needed by the human body and inhibit inflammation, thereby preventing the development of AD [34]. Consequently, this study suggests that the Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium cultured in DOW may also hold potential for improving AD, potentially through the enhanced absorption of magnesium.…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that Cordyceps cicadae can chelate and absorb magnesium ions from deep ocean water and convert them into organic forms to increase bioabsorption rates in the brain. Magnesium ions in the brain can reduce the expression of phosphorylated tau proteins, thereby improving AD [34]. Therefore, this study explores the effects of the DOW-cultured mycelium of A. cinnamomea on the concentration of magnesium ions in the hippocampus of AD rats.…”

Effects of Phytochemicals from Fermented Food Sources in Alzheimer’s Disease In Vivo Experimental Models: A Systematic Review

“…Cordyceps cicadae, a fungus that parasitizes Lepidoptera larvae, has been consumed as a functional food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of palpitations, chronic renal disease, dizziness, and infantile convulsions [98]. Wu et al (2021) [52] utilized deep ocean water for whole submerged fermentation of Cordyceps cicada NTTU 868 prior to administration in an animal model (male, Sprague Dawley, 6-8 weeks old) of AD (continuous 28-day i.c.v. infusion of 180 µL solution containing 24.299 µg Aβ40 and 0.9 mg streptozotocin).…”

Utilizing deep ocean water in yeast fermentation for enhanced mineral-rich biomass production and fermentative regulation by proteomics modulation

“…Specifically, organic magnesium, which can be effectively absorbed to supplement brain magnesium levels, promoted the expression of magnesium transport proteins in the brain, allowing for increased magnesium ion entry into neurons. Supplementing with magnesium reduced the expression of factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, ultimately improving memory and learning capabilities [ 13 , 14 ].…”