Corallinapetrales and Corallinapetraceae: A new order and family of coralline red algae including Corallinapetra gabrielii comb. nov.

Abstract

The coralline algal genus Corallinapetra is currently monospecific and was established on the species Corallinapetra novaezelandiae, known from a single collection from north‐eastern New Zealand. On the basis of multi‐gene phylogenetic analyses, Corallinapetra has been resolved apart from all currently recognized families and orders within the Corallinophycidae. We analyzed DNA sequence data from the holotype of Lithothamnion gabrielii, which has been considered a heterotypic synonym of L. muelleri, and an unidentified sample collected from Stewart Island in New Zealand, using psbA, rbcL, and COI‐5P genes. We also observed detailed morpho‐anatomical characters with light and scanning electron microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that L. gabrielii and the sample from New Zealand belonged to the same clade as Corallinapetra, distinct from other families and orders in the Corallinophycidae. Members of this clade are distinguishable from other families and orders in the Corallinophycidae by possessing sporangia that are surrounded by remnant sterile filaments that are weakly calcified in mature multiporate sporangial conceptacles that produce zonately divided tetrasporangia. Therefore, we propose that Corallinapetra be placed in its own family, Corallinapetraceae and order, Corallinapetrales, and that L. gabrielii should be assigned to Corallinapetra, as C. gabrielii, to reflect their phylogenetic relationships. We also obtained a partial rbcL sequence data from the lectotype of L. muelleri, the generitype of Lithothamnion. Comparison of the L. muelleri type sequence with L. gabrielii unambiguously demonstrated that these two species are not conspecific, and confirm the placement of L. muelleri within the Hapalidiales.

Major loss of coralline algal diversity in response to ocean acidification

“…Our key question is ‘Does ocean acidification change the diversity of coralline algal communities?’ and some clues lay in their fossil record. The Sporolithales, Hapalidiales, Corallinales and the Corallinapetrales are fully calcified orders of coralline algae (Jeong et al, 2021; Le Gall et al, 2010; Nelson et al, 2015; Peña et al, 2020). The Sporolithales is the oldest of these and first appeared ca.…”

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“…La secuenciación de ADN y los análisis filogenéticos están permitiendo una nueva evaluación de estas algas y el establecimiento de sus relaciones. Los nuevos órdenes Sporolithales (Le Gall et al 2010), Hapalidiales (Nelson et al 2015) y Corallinapetrales (Jeong et al 2020) se han disgregado de Corallinales, para agrupar a los 59 géneros de algas coralinas actualmente aceptados, 19 de los cuales han sido descritos en las dos últimas décadas (e.g., Hind y Saunders 2013; Adey et al 2015;Hind et al 2016;Rösler et al 2016;Caragnano et al 2018;Liu et al 2018;Townsend y Huisman 2018;Peña et al 2019;Jesionek et al 2020) (tabla 1). Además, de acuerdo con evidencias morfológicas se han propuesto hasta seis familias para Corallinales (Townsend y Huisman 2018), y dos para Hapalidiales (Athanasiadis 2016; Schneider y Wynne 2019) (tabla 1).…”

Assessment of Rhodolith Diversity in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Including the Description of Sporolithon gracile sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta), and Three New Species of Roseolithon (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta)

“…However, at the time of the 2016 study, there was a lack of DNA sequences available from the generitype species, L. muelleri, thus determining which clade corresponded to the true Lithothamnion was not possible at that time. Recently, the lectotype specimen of L. muelleri was sequenced (Jeong et al, 2021), which helped clarify the identification of the true Lithothamnion. The study by Jeong et al (2021) in turn formed the foundation for describing a new genus, Roseolithon L.M.Coutinho and Barros-Barreto, which accommodated taxa previously included in the genus Lithothamnion.…”