Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories

Sheppard, Charles; Charles, Richelle C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5965-7

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…Furthermore, high density skeletal growth anomalies have been associated with coral bleaching events [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], but no positive pointer years were detectable in the skeletal density data of this study (S2 Fig). While subsequent minor coral bleaching events have occurred throughout the Bermuda platform in the years following the 1988 bleaching event [15], there were no detectable impacts of these additional events on calcification rates in the pointer year analyses of this study (Fig 2b-2d). The single negative pointer year observed in 1988 suggests that the coincident coral bleaching event may have been the most intense bleaching event on record.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 65%

“…The high degree of stability of Bermudan coral communities over recent decades is evidenced by the lack of any long-term declines in coral cover or changes in the coral community composition [15][16][17] that have been observed for many of the lower-latitude Western Atlantic coral reefs [17,38,[80][81][82][83]. However, it remains unclear whether this stability is owing to Bermudan corals thus far escaping or resisting thermal stress events [16] as unprecedented marine heatwaves have driven extensive coral mortality in other high-latitude coral reef systems with previously stable coral cover [84].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcification rate time series data can be quantified from the product of linear extension and skeletal density of annual skeletal growth bands to evaluate the potential environmental drivers of coral calcification for many massive coral taxa [9,[11][12][13][14]. The high latitude coral reefs of Bermuda were chosen as the focus for this study because they contain coral taxa with observable growth bands and a naturally variable environment that may have conferred an increased resiliency of Bermudan coral communities to environmental change relative to their more southerly conspecifics [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coral calcification responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation and coral bleaching in Bermuda

2020

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The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been hypothesized to drive interannual variability in Bermudan coral extension rates and reef-scale calcification through the provisioning of nutritional pulses associated with negative NAO winters. However, the direct influence of the NAO on Bermudan coral calcification rates remains to be determined and may vary between species and reef sites owing to implicit differences in coral life history strategies and environmental gradients across the Bermuda reef platform. In this study, we investigated the connection between negative NAO winters and Bermudan Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Orbicella franksi coral calcification rates across rim reef, lagoon, and nearshore reef sites. Linear mixed effects modeling detected an inverse correlation between D. labyrinthiformis calcification rates and the winter NAO index, with higher rates associated with increasingly negative NAO winters. Conversely, there were no detectable correlations between P. strigosa or O. franksi calcification rates and the winter NAO index suggesting that coral calcification responses associated with negative NAO winters could be species-specific. The correlation between coral calcification rates and winter NAO index was significantly more negative at the outer rim of the reef (Hog Reef) compared to a nearshore reef site (Whalebone Bay), possibly indicating differential influence of the NAO as a function of the distance from the reef edge. Furthermore, a negative calcification anomaly was observed in 100% of D. labyrinthiformis cores in association with the 1988 coral bleaching event with a subsequent positive calcification anomaly in 1989 indicating a post-bleaching recovery in calcification rates. These results highlight the importance of assessing variable interannual coral calcification responses between species and across inshore-offshore gradients to interannual atmospheric modes such as the NAO, thermal stress events, and potential interactions between ocean warming and availability of coral nutrition to improve projections for future coral calcification rates under climate change.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coral calcification responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation and coral bleaching in Bermuda

2020

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“…In addition the DEM is composed of 63 years worth of data and therefore changes are expected to have occurred due to hurricanes, dredging and other anthropogenic changes (Lester et al, 2016;Smith et al, 2013). For these reasons, we observe high residuals between the Bermuda SDB and NOAA DEM in the coral reef complexes (Figures 2d and 2g).…”

Section: Comparison With Publicly Available Dem Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

Space‐Borne Cloud‐Native Satellite‐Derived Bathymetry (SDB) Models Using ICESat‐2 And Sentinel‐2

Thomas

Pertiwi

Traganos

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Shallow nearshore coastal waters provide a wealth of societal, economic, and ecosystem services, yet their topographic structure is poorly mapped due to a reliance upon expensive and time intensive methods. Space‐borne bathymetric mapping has helped address these issues, but has remained largely dependent upon in situ measurements. Here we fuse ICESat‐2 lidar data with Sentinel‐2 optical imagery, within the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, to create openly available spatially continuous high‐resolution bathymetric maps at regional‐to‐national scales in Florida, Crete and Bermuda. ICESat‐2 bathymetric classified photons are used to train three Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) methods, including Lyzenga, Stumpf, and Support Vector Regression algorithms. For each study site the Lyzenga algorithm yielded the lowest RMSE (approx. 10%–15%) when compared with validation data. We demonstrate a means of using ICESat‐2 for both model calibration and validation, thus cementing a pathway for fully space‐borne estimates of nearshore bathymetry in shallow, clear water environments.

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“…The eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano from 1995 to 2010 had severe impacts on both the terrestrial and marine ecosystems of the island. Volcanic activity destroyed the capital city, Plymouth, and placed twothirds of the island off limits (Myers, 2013). These eruptions have led to high outward migration, particularly of the economically active population and saw substantial contraction (∼65%) in the tourism sector due to safety concerns (Oxford Policy Management (OPM), 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Evidence From Voluntary Fisheries Data Collection Programmes to Support Marine Spatial Planning and Resolve Multiple-Use Conflicts

et al. 2021

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Natural disasters have altered the landscape of Montserrat’s marine environment significantly over the past 30 years, forcing rapid adaptation of marine species and the human population that relies upon them. Volcanic activity has led to an abundance of volcanic sediment, which has seen rise to the expansion of the island’s sand mining and aggregate industry. Similarly, a series of volcanic eruptions has resulted in smothered fishing grounds and maritime exclusion zones, increasing the pressure on the remaining accessible marine environment. Recent increases in shipping activity, due to the expanding aggregate sector, partnered with a lack of official marine spatial planning, has led to the west coast of the island becoming a stakeholder conflict hotspot. Regular interactions between fishing gear and shipping vessels were resulting in damaged and lost fish pots and causing physical damage and increased ghost-fishing on the coral reefs, with additional impacts on fisher livelihoods. This paper builds upon earlier work in Montserrat to engage fishers in fisheries data collection programmes. Here we use data from Montserrat’s fishing fleet to understand the distribution and intensity of fish pot activity within the conflict area. Maximum activity was distributed along the edge of the reef front, near the drop-off, with the greatest intensity toward the south. These data, and outcomes from stakeholder consultation, have allowed the relevant authorities and decision-makers to identify a suitable shipping route that avoids pot-based fishing grounds, while remaining as close inshore as feasible, to avoid unnecessary fuel costs for shipping vessels. As a result, the Montserrat Port Authority has implemented a restricted area around the identified fishing grounds, in which commercial vessels are not allowed to transit. This intervention represents a “win-win” solution, reducing the risk of commercial vessel-fishing gear conflict in the southwestern pot-based fishing grounds, without substantially increasing the burden of excess travel on commercial vessels. Here we show how engagement with the fishing community and voluntary participation in data collection has supported a conflict resolution deemed suitable to both parties; allowing the needs of the smaller traditional fishing sector to influence management of the rapidly expanding, high value aggregate sector.

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Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories

Cited by 17 publications

References 222 publications

Coral calcification responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation and coral bleaching in Bermuda

Coral calcification responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation and coral bleaching in Bermuda

Space‐Borne Cloud‐Native Satellite‐Derived Bathymetry (SDB) Models Using ICESat‐2 And Sentinel‐2

Using Evidence From Voluntary Fisheries Data Collection Programmes to Support Marine Spatial Planning and Resolve Multiple-Use Conflicts

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