Coral Reefs and the Global Network of Marine Protected Areas

Mora, Camilo; Andréfouët, Serge; Costello, Mark J.; Kranenburg, Christine J.; Rollo, Audrey; Veron, John; Gaston, Kevin J.; Myers, Ransom A.

doi:10.1126/science.1125295

Cited by 407 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although recognizing that application of current Red List thresholds to exploited fish stocks remains contentious 28 , the high number of large-bodied species that together average 80% decline indicates that innumerable threatened fish species probably exist, and that effective MPAs probably have a large role in safeguarding populations of many of these species 4 . Even nations with relatively well-managed fisheries have few sharks and other large predatory coastal fishes outside well-designed and mature MPAs.…”

Section: Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPAs often fail to reach their full potential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detrimental harvesting, or emigration of animals outside boundaries because of continuous habitat or inadequate size of reserve [3][4][5] . Here we show that the conservation benefits of 87 MPAs investigated worldwide increase exponentially with the accumulation of five key features: no take, well enforced, old (.10 years), large (.100 km 2 ), and isolated by deep water or sand.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features

Edgar

Stuart‐Smith

Willis

et al. 2014

Nature

1,416

1,228

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Section: Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features

Edgar

Stuart‐Smith

Willis

et al. 2014

Nature

1,416

1,228

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“…Marine protected areas or marine reserves are important refuge areas for many fish especially recreational and commercially important species (Agardy, 1994; Edgar et al., 2014; Mora et al., 2006). However, these areas do not necessarily provide acoustical refuge because sound can travel long distances underwater, and restrictions on fishing do not necessarily apply to other recreational activity including motorized watercraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of motorboat sound on Australian snapper Pagrus auratus inside and outside a marine reserve

Mensinger

Putland

Radford

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Human‐generated sound affects hearing, movement, and communication in both aquatic and terrestrial animals, but direct natural underwater behavioral observations are lacking. Baited underwater video (BUV) were deployed in near shore waters adjacent to Goat Island in the Cape Rodney–Okakari Point Marine Reserve (protected) or outside the reserve approximately four km south in Mathesons Bay (open), New Zealand to determine the natural behavior of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus exposed to motorboat sound. BUVs worked effectively at bringing fish into video range to assess the effects of sound. The snapper inhabiting the protected area showed no behavioral response to motorboat transits; however, fish in the open zones either scattered from the video frame or decreased feeding activity during boat presence. Our study suggests that motorboat sound, a common source of anthropogenic activity in the marine environment can affect fish behavior differently depending on the status of their habitat (protected versus open).

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“…Jameson et al 2002); there are many 'paper parks', in which MPAs are legislated into existence without measures to change human pressures, due to lack of funds or will. Mora et al (2006) state that although 18.7% of the world's coral reef habitats are contained in MPAs, only 1.6% of reef area is within adequately managed MPAs.…”

Section: Restoration Of Coral Reefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

Ōmori

2010

Marine Biology Research

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Coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, have declined due mostly to human pressures. There are still possiblities to restore coral reefs locally by amelioration or removal of the local chronic stressors. Political support, scientific information, and the will of local stakeholders are crucial for successful amelioration. Development of techniques for restoration by artificial efforts such as underwater silviculture and transplantation are definitely required. Coral propagules for transplantation may be cultured by either of two approaches: asexual or sexual propagation. The rehabilitation of coral reefs by means of asexual propagation is simple and less labour-intensive compared to sexual techniques. However, most of the transplanted pieces share the donors' limited DNA, giving the reef a smaller gene pool. On the other hand, sexual propagation may result in genetically more diverse corals, but is labour-intensive and more expensive. Both techniques require devices for rearing after transplantation. This will become one of the key areas of research in the near future. Some 4-year-old colonies of Acropora tenuis, cultured from eggs and transplanted to the seabed at Akajima, Okinawa, had grown to 20Á25 cm in diameter and initially spawned in June 2009. This indicated the possibility of using this technique to assist local coral reef restoration. Although the small scale of success so far may not be significant, given the wide range of degradation of coral reefs, certain methods of rehabilitation have proved promising enough to continue our endeavour.

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Coral Reefs and the Global Network of Marine Protected Areas

Cited by 407 publications

References 9 publications

Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features

Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features

The effect of motorboat sound on Australian snapper Pagrus auratus inside and outside a marine reserve

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

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