Coral-associated Archaea

Wegley, Linda; Yu, Yanan; Breitbart, Mya; Casas, Veronica; Kline, David I.; Rohwer, Forest

doi:10.3354/meps273089

Cited by 137 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Neither pool of origin nor Symbiodinium genotype differentiated overall fungal community structure, and less than half of all OTUs were shared between the pools and Symbiodium genotypes. Similar to patterns described for communities of coral symbiotic bacteria (Rohwer et al, 2001(Rohwer et al, , 2002Sunagawa et al, 2010), archaea (Wegley et al, 2004) and fungal endophyte communities on tropical leaves (Arnold and Lutzoni, 2007), there appears to be overlap of a few select 'core' species among hosts, whereas the majority of 'satellite' species are either transient or endemic to a specific host and locale. Several factors may account for the high level of fungal community dissimilarity found within the pools and the Symbiodinium genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Amend

Barshis²,

Oliver³

2011

The ISME Journal

141

100

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Coral stress tolerance is intricately tied to the animal's association with microbial symbionts. The most well-known of these symbioses is that between corals and their dinoflagellate photobionts (Symbiodinium spp.), whose genotype indirectly affects whether a coral can survive cyclical and anthropogenic warming events. Fungi comprise a lesser-known coral symbiotic community whose taxonomy, stability and function is largely un-examined. To assess how fungal communities inside a coral host correlate with water temperature and the genotype of co-occurring Symbiodinium, we sampled Acropora hyacinthus coral colonies from adjacent natural pools with different water temperatures and Symbiodinium identities. Phylogenetic analysis of coral-associated fungal ribosomal DNA amplicons showed a high diversity of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, including several clades separated from known fungal taxa by long and well-supported branches. Community similarity did not correlate with any measured variables, and total fungal community composition was highly variable among A. hyacinthus coral colonies. Colonies in the warmer pool contained more phylogenetically diverse fungal communities than the colder pool and contained statistically significant 'indicator' species. Four taxa were present in all coral colonies sampled, and may represent obligate associates. Messenger RNA sequenced from a subset of these same colonies contained an abundance of transcripts involved in metabolism of complex biological molecules. Coincidence between the taxonomic diversity found in the DNA and RNA analysis indicates a metabolically active and diverse resident marine fungal community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Amend

Barshis²,

Oliver³

2011

The ISME Journal

141

100

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“…PhyloChip and clone library sequencing as a dual approach to study coral microbiology The availability of universal 16S rRNA gene primers has made it possible to amplify a mixed population of 16S rDNA molecules and to characterize the phylogenetic diversity of coral-associated bacterial communities (Rohwer et al, 2002;Kellogg, 2004;Wegley et al, 2004;Bourne and Munn, 2005). Rohwer et al (2002) estimated a richness of more than 6000 ribotypes in three different coral species based on 1178 sequenced 16S rDNA clones (Rohwer et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reef-building corals are associated with a dynamic, highly diverse consortium of microorganisms that includes protists, bacteria, archaea and endolithic algae and fungi (Shashar and Stambler, 1992;Bentis et al, 2000;Rohwer et al, 2002;Baker, 2003;Kellogg, 2004;Wegley et al, 2004;Rosenberg et al, 2007;Harel et al, 2008). To study the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial and archaeal components, sequencing the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) is commonly used because of its ability to identify the species without the need for laboratory cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity and White Plague Disease-associated community changes in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata

et al. 2009

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Increasing evidence confirms the crucial role bacteria and archaea play within the coral holobiont, that is, the coral host and its associated microbial community. The bacterial component constitutes a community of high diversity, which appears to change in structure in response to disease events. In this study, we highlight the limitation of 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) clone library sequencing as the sole method to comprehensively describe coral-associated communities. This limitation was addressed by combining a high-density 16S rRNA gene microarray with, clone library sequencing as a novel approach to study bacterial communities in healthy versus diseased corals. We determined an increase in diversity as well as a significant shift in community structure in Montastraea faveolata colonies displaying phenotypic signs of White Plague Disease type II (WPD-II). An accumulation of species that belong to families that include known coral pathogens (Alteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae), bacteria previously isolated from diseased, stressed or injured marine invertebrates (for example, Rhodobacteraceae), and other species (for example, Campylobacteraceae) was observed. Some of these species were also present in healthy tissue samples, but the putative primary pathogen, Aurantimonas corallicida, was not detected in any sample by either method. Although an ecological succession of bacteria during disease progression after causation by a primary agent represents a possible explanation for our observations, we also discuss the possibility that a disease of yet to be determined etiology may have affected M. faveolata colonies and resulted in (or be a result of) an increase in opportunistic pathogens.

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“…Qualitative studies have described the associated bacteria, especially the bacteria living in the mucus on the surface of corals (Ducklow and Mitchell 1979), and some concluded the specificity of these communities (Rohwer et al 2001;Bourne and Munn 2005). Archae were also reported to live in association with corals (Kellogg 2004;Wegley et al 2004). One study, based on microscopic investigation, reported the discovery of a symbiotic cyanobacteria with in the coral tissue (Lesser et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral symbiotic complex: Hypothesis through vitamin B12 for a new evaluation

Agostini

Suzuki

Casareto

et al. 2009

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies

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Historically, hermatypic corals are defined as a symbiotic system composed of an animal host, corals belonging to the taxa Cnidarian, and a photosynthetic organism, the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp., also known as zooxanthellae. The high gross productivity and stability of coral reefs have been explained by the effi ciency of the coral algal symbiotic system in using the low nutrient concentrations found in the surrounding water and their rapid recycling in the water. Although several studies have reported the presence of bacteria closely associated with corals, the mechanisms of the relationships among them, the host and the zooxanthellae, remain to be shown. In this study, evidence for the im portance of coelenteric bacteria in corals as a component of the coral symbiotic complex was shown by using a new approach. Vitamin B12, which is produced only by pro karyotes, was chosen as a chemical tool to clarify the symbiotic relationships among bacteria, coral, and zoo xanthellae, which require vitamin B12. High vitamin B12 concentrations (up to 700 pmol l −1 compared with max.20 pmol l −1 in the surrounding water) and high bacteria abundances (100 times higher than surrounding water) were found in the coelenteron of live corals using a new sampling method. The results led to the hypothesis that prokaryotes are the drivers of internal processes, such as vitamin B12 production, occurring directly inside the coral, forming a semi closed system. Furthermore, most main tenance of the symbiotic complex is due to internal pro cesses rather than the supply from outside the coral.

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Coral-associated Archaea

Cited by 137 publications

References 40 publications

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Bacterial diversity and White Plague Disease-associated community changes in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata

Coral symbiotic complex: Hypothesis through vitamin B12 for a new evaluation

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