Copy theory

Fremery, Wayne de; Buckland, Michael K.

doi:10.1002/asi.24558

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Creative processes and what is used to constitute them are contingent and situational (de Fremery and Buckland, 2022a, b). Contexts, whether we understand these as intellectual, emotional, physical, or in some other way, themselves have affordances that can be used and, in use, become relevant.…”

Section: Some Ramifications: Prior Knowledge and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance and creativity – a linear model

de Fremery,

Buckland

2024

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes.FindingsThere are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past.Originality/valueThe paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information science. It demonstrates that how relevance is articulated conceptually is important as its conceptualization can affect the ways that users are able to make use of information systems and, by extension, how information systems can facilitate or disable the co-production of creative outcomes. The paper also usefully expands investigative opportunities by suggesting relevance and creativity are interrelated.

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Section: Some Ramifications: Prior Knowledge and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance and creativity – a linear model

de Fremery,

Buckland

2024

Self Cite

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“…The distinction of intellectual from clerical labour not only emerges from a historically inherited and eroding basis but does not correspond, and, crucially, fails to map directly to the current division of labour between human and machine. Clerical labour archetypally includes exact copying, considered by de Fremery and Buckland (2022), and this has now become predominantly a machine syntactic process. However, human selection of words by their meaning in spell-checking, and some other highly routine human interactions with computational systems, involves direct human activity and considerations of meaning and can be understood as human semantic labour, but would also correspond to clerical labour [1].…”

Section: Semantic Syntactic and Mental Labourmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of semantic and syntactic labour

Warner

2023

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PurposeThe article extends the distinction of semantic from syntactic labour to comprehend all forms of mental labour. It answers a critique from de Fremery and Buckland, which required envisaging mental labour as a differentiated spectrum.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a discursive approach. It first reviews the significance and extensive diffusion of the distinction of semantic from syntactic labour. Second, it integrates semantic and syntactic labour along a vertical dimension within mental labour, indicating analogies in principle with, and differences in application from, the inherited distinction of intellectual from clerical labour. Third, it develops semantic labour to the very highest level, on a consistent principle of differentiation from syntactic labour. Finally, it reintegrates the understanding developed of semantic labour with syntactic labour, confirming that they can fully and informatively occupy mental labour.FindingsThe article further validates the distinction of semantic from syntactic labour. It enables to address Norbert Wiener's classic challenge of appropriately distributing activity between human and computer.Research limitations/implicationsThe article transforms work in progress into knowledge for diffusion.Practical implicationsIt has practical implications for determining what tasks to delegate to computational technology.Social implicationsThe paper has social implications for the understanding of appropriate human and machine computational tasks and our own distinctive humanness.Originality/valueThe paper is highly original. Although based on preceding research, from the late 20th century, it is the first separately published full account of semantic and syntactic labour.

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“…de Fremery and Buckland consider the usefulness of situationally "usefully similar" gatherings. 23 With this approach the FRBR structure would help to coordinate cataloging practices by creating usefully similar groupings of documents for bibliographical purposes. FRBR Group 1 items are similar because they are the product of the same creative effort, but, while authorship is one important attribute for organizing usefully similar documents, bibliographical description can (and does) easily account for the many other ways that documents could be considered usefully similar to one another in ways not reducible to the traditional metadata, notably author, topic, title, genre or format.…”

Section: Usefully Similarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Work in Question

De Fremery,

Buckland

2023

LRTS

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The International Conference on Cataloging Principles (Paris, 1961) led to wide acceptance of Seymour Lubetzky’s distinction between books and works, where books denoted particular physical objects and works concerned conceptual abstractions associated with the creative labor of particular authors. Lubetzky’s formulation of works is included in many of the world’s cataloging frameworks, including the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Several conceptual and practical difficulties arise from the widespread adoption of Lubetzkian works in practices associated with knowledge organization. However, FRBR and other knowledge organization frameworks that utilize works as central entities could be made more useable and useful if work, as an organizing principle, were de-emphasized and seen as one among many concepts used for aggregating sets and supersets of objects according to how likely they are to be useful to users of knowledge organization tools like catalogs.

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Copy theory

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Relevance and creativity – a linear model

Relevance and creativity – a linear model

The spectrum of semantic and syntactic labour

The Work in Question

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