Copper/Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase in Human Epidermis: An Immunochemical Study

Altobelli, Giovanna Giuseppina; Noorden, Susan Van; Cimini, Vincenzo

doi:10.3389/fmed.2019.00258

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Measurements of enzymes and antioxidant substances present in human skin showed that the activity of SOD was higher in the epidermis than the dermis in both young and aging skin (48). These results were then confirmed by histo-densitometry and showed a reverse relationship between human cutaneous Cu/Zn SOD and aging, as well as a higher level in the male than the female (58). In addition, exposed skin expressed more of the enzyme than non-exposed skin (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Cu/zn Sod and Skinmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…EC SOD, however, is present both in the dermis and in the epidermis and its level of expression is seven times greater in the dermis (71). In another study both basal and spinous layers contained Cu/Zn SOD with a prominent expression in the upper epidermal layers (58) (Figures 2C,D). In addition, a weak intracellular distribution was observed throughout the human epidermis and especially in the stratum corneum (6).…”

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The activity of SOD is variable: it is reduced in the presence of melanomas, epitheliomas, and carcinomas (72). Immunohistochemical studies have shown in fact that in carcinomas the activity of both Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD decreases (58,73). EC SOD, however, is present both in the dermis and in the epidermis and its level of expression is seven times greater in the dermis (71).…”

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both BCCs and SCCs express Cu/Zn SOD enzyme mostly in the upper epidermis (Figures 2E,F). Furthermore, histo-densitomentric evaluation of these tumors has recently demonstrated increased human epidermal SOD activity with respect to dermal one, and more expression in human male skin than in female as well as more in young than old people (58).…”

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superoxide dismutase is widespread in the human body, including skin and its appendages. Here, we focus on human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, the enzyme that protects skin and its appendages against reactive oxygen species. Human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase resides in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, where up to 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species is produced. Factors other than cell type, such as gender, age and diseased state influence its location in skin tissues. We review current knowledge of skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase including recent studies in an attempt to contribute to solving the question of its remaining unexplained functions. The research described here may be applicable to pathologies associated with oxidative stress. However, recent studies on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in yeast reveal that its predominant function may be in signaling pathways rather than in scavenging superoxide ions. If confirmed in the skin, novel approaches might be developed to unravel the enzyme's remaining mysteries.

show abstract

Section: Cu/zn Sod and Skinmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basal Cell and Spinocellular Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of PDT, it's necessary for PSs to accumulate in tumor tissue efficiently and simultaneously penetrate deep into tumor tissue. Moreover, tumor cells far from blood vessels show higher SOD and glutathione (GSH) expression, leading to a stronger antioxidant capacity 51 , which will further limit the therapeutic effect of ROS-based treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor cell-activated “Sustainable ROS Generator” with homogeneous intratumoral distribution property for improved anti-tumor therapy

Liu¹,

Zhao²,

Nie³

et al. 2021

Theranostics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds a number of advantages for tumor therapy. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by non-sustainable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and heterogeneous distribution of photosensitizer (PS) in tumor. Herein, a “ S ustainable R OS G enerator” (SRG) is developed for efficient antitumor therapy. Methods: SRG was prepared by encapsulating small-sized Mn 3 O 4 -Ce6 nanoparticles (MC) into dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) and then enveloped with hyaluronic acid (HA). Due to the high concentration of HAase in tumor tissue, the small-sized MC could be released from DMSNs and homogeneously distributed in whole tumor. Then, the released MC would be uptaken by tumor cells and degraded by high levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis. More importantly, the released Ce6 could efficiently generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) under laser irradiation until the tissue oxygen was exhausted, and the manganese ion (Mn 2+ ) generated by degraded MC would then convert the low toxic by-product (H 2 O 2 ) of PDT to the most harmful ROS (·OH) for sustainable and recyclable ROS generation. Results: MC could be homogeneously distributed in whole tumor and significantly reduced the level of intracellular GSH. At 2 h after PDT, obvious intracellular ROS production was still observed. Moreover, during oxygen recovery in tumor tissue, ·OH could be continuously produced, and the nanosystem could induce 82% of cell death comparing with 30% of cell death induced by free Ce6. For in vivo PDT, SRG achieved a complete inhibition on tumor growth. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that the designed SRG could induce sustainable ROS generation, homogeneous intratumoral distribution and intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, presenting an efficient strategy for enhanced ROS-mediated anti-tumor therapy.

show abstract

Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements

Sravani

Ghate

Lewis

2022

Biol Trace Elem Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cervical cancer is an aggressive type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Many affected individuals rely on smear tests for the diagnosis, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation for their treatment. However, due to a broad set of undesired results and side-effects associated with the existing protocols, the search for better diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is a never-ending pursuit. In the purview, the bio-concentration of trace elements (copper, selenium, zinc, iron, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium) is seen to fluctuate during the occurrence of cervical cancer and its progression from pre-cancerous to metastatic nature. Thus, during the occurrence of cervical cancer, the detection of trace elements and their supplementation will prove to be highly advantageous in developing diagnostic tools and therapeutics, respectively. This review provides a detailed overview of cervical cancer, its encouragement by human papillomavirus infections, the mechanism of pathology, and resistance. Majorly, the review emphasizes the less explored role of trace elements, their contribution to the growth and inhibition of cervical cancer. Numerous clinical trials have been listed, thereby providing a comprehensive reference to the exploration of trace elements in the management of cervical cancer.

show abstract

Copper/Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase in Human Epidermis: An Immunochemical Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge

Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge

Tumor cell-activated “Sustainable ROS Generator” with homogeneous intratumoral distribution property for improved anti-tumor therapy

Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About