Copper Toxicosis in Two Herds of Beef Calves following Injection with Copper Disodium Edetate

Galey, Francis D.; Maas, John; Tronstad, R. J.; Woods, Leslie; Johnson, Bill; Littlefield, Ethel S.; Wallstrum, R.; Dorius, L. C.

doi:10.1177/104063879100300316

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…11 Although the frequency of this intoxication is lower in other species of ruminants, Cu intoxication in cattle has recently evolved as an emerging disease, with descriptions of cases of acute and chronic intoxication in several countries, including Brazil. [2][3][4]6,12,16 Recent research 1 has shown that there is an increase in the number of cases in cattle and has described 14 outbreaks within 6 months. However, in buffalo, there is only 1 description of this intoxication, during which young animals that received reconstituted Cu-enriched powdered milk for a few months demonstrated signs indicative of chronic Cu poisoning and died suddenly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Values of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for the Hepatic Accumulation of Copper in Cattle and Buffalo

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Ten cattle and 10 buffalo were divided into 2 groups (control [n 5 8] and experimental [n 5 12]) that received daily administration of copper. Three hepatic biopsies and blood samples were performed on days 0, 45, and 105. The concentration of hepatic copper was determined by spectrophotometric atomic absorption, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed. Regression analyses were done to verify the possible existing relationship between enzymatic activity and concentration of hepatic copper. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were determined. The serum activities of AST and GGT had coefficients of determination that were excellent predictive indicators of hepatic copper accumulation in cattle, while only GGT serum activity was predictive of hepatic copper accumulation in buffalo. Elevated serum GGT activity may be indicative of increased concentrations of hepatic copper even in cattle and buffalo that appear to be clinically healthy. Thus, prophylactic measures can be implemented to prevent the onset of a hemolytic crisis that is characteristic of copper intoxication.

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confidence: 99%

Predictive Values of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for the Hepatic Accumulation of Copper in Cattle and Buffalo

et al. 2008

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“…Some cattle exhibit dyspnea and depression. 61 Others are just found dead. Death usually occurs 12-72 hours post-injection.…”

Section: Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Occasionally, acute hepatotoxicosis due to soluble forms of injectable copper occurs even within the recommended dose; other mineral deficiencies (eg, selenium) may result in increased sensitivity. 61 Acute clinical signs include GI (eg, diarrhea), and central nervous system disturbances, such as circling, head pressing, and ataxia. Some cattle exhibit dyspnea and depression.…”

Section: Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment

Varga¹,

Puschner²

2012

VMRR

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Abstract:In this retrospective study all suspect bovine intoxications submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011 were reviewed. A total of 1199 cases were submitted, but a diagnosis of intoxication was only established in 13.5% of cases. In these cases, overexposures to minerals, metals, and poisonous plants were determined as the most commonly diagnosed poisonings in cattle in California. Nitrate/nitrite poisoning was the most commonly diagnosed plant-associated intoxication, followed by gossypol and oleander. This study details the diagnostic challenges and treatment options for the most commonly diagnosed intoxications. To ensure proper treatment and prevention of new cases, accurate diagnosis is necessary, and therefore this review provides an essential tool for the food animal practitioner. Available toxicological analyses are offered at select laboratories, which can be time consuming and expensive, yet the potential for residues in consumed animal products and implications for human health necessitate testing and consultation. Any potential exposure to a toxicant in cattle should be reviewed to determine whether a residue hazard exists. Therapy focuses on immediate removal of the toxicant from the environment and from the gastrointestinal tract. With few antidotes available, most are cost prohibitive to treat numerous affected cattle. In addition, most antidotes will require extra-label drug use and establishment of meat and milk withdrawal times.

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“…However, it can also be toxic, mainly for the liver, when accumulate in excessive quantities (Allen & Mallinson 1984, Galey et al 1991, Sullivan et al 1991, Minervino et al 2008. Parenteral supplementation with Cu injectable salts is a rapid, low-cost and simple method to compensate the animal's Cu status, when the diet does not provide enough (Allen & Mallinson 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, parenterally injected salts are stored in liver, avoiding intestinal interference of other compounds, such as molybdenum, iron and sulphur (Underwood & Suttle 1999, Rosa & Mattioli 2001. The right Cu dose is important since there is a narrow margin between the therapeutic dose and the toxic one (Galey et al 1991, Sullivan et al 1991, Mendel et al 2007 The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of renal cortex copper (Cu) concentration in clinical cases of acute copper poisoning (ACP). A total of 97 calves that died due to subcutaneous copper administration were compiled in eleven farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal cortex copper concentration in acute copper poisoning in calves

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of renal cortex copper (Cu) concentration in clinical cases of acute copper poisoning (ACP). A total of 97 calves that died due to subcutaneous copper administration were compiled in eleven farms. At least, one necropsy was conducted on each farm and samples for complementary analysis were taken. The degree of autolysis in each necropsy was evaluated. The cases appeared on extensive grazing calf breeding and intensive feedlot farms, in calves of 60 to 200 kg body weight. Mortality varied from 0.86 to 6.96 %, on the farms studied. The first succumbed calf was found on the farms between 6 and 72 hours after the susbcutaneous Cu administration. As discrepancies regarding the reference value arose, the local value (19.9 parts per million) was used, confirming the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning in 93% of the analyzed kidney samples. These results confirm the value of analysis of the cortical kidney Cu concentration for the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning.

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Copper Toxicosis in Two Herds of Beef Calves following Injection with Copper Disodium Edetate

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Predictive Values of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for the Hepatic Accumulation of Copper in Cattle and Buffalo

Predictive Values of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for the Hepatic Accumulation of Copper in Cattle and Buffalo

Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment

Renal cortex copper concentration in acute copper poisoning in calves

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