Copper sulfide-macroporous polyacrylamide hydrogel for solar steam generation

Sun, Yu; Gao, Jianping; Liu, Yu; Kang, Huiying; Xie, Ming; Wu, Fuming; Qiu, H.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.044

Cited by 93 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Energy utilizing efficiency for solar steam generation is further calculated according to previous formula: [ 32 ]

\begin{matrix} η = \frac{R_{normale} \times h_{LV}}{3600 q} \end{matrix}

where η is the energy conversion efficiency, q is the light intensity (kW m −2 ), and h LV denotes the sum of sensible heat and evaporation enthalpy (kg kJ −1 ), as described by the expression as follows: [ 32 ]

\begin{matrix} h_{LV} = C Δ T + Δ h \end{matrix}

where C denotes the specific heat capacity of water (4.18 kJ kg −1 K −1 ), ∆ T represents the temperature increase (K) of bulk water, and ∆ h is the evaporation enthalpy (theoretical value: 2257 kJ kg −1 ). As shown in Figure 4b, the apparent energy utilizing efficiency of Zn‐WCCF is up to 136%, which is higher than that of most previous studies [ 15,33–36 ] and maximal theory value (100%). These results seem to violate the energy conservation law.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Suo

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Utilization of carbon materials for harvesting solar energy is a green, feasible, sustainable, and promising way to manufacture freshwater from sewage and seawater. However, sunlight absorption efficiency, light to thermal conversion efficiency, and expensive cost are still limitations for large‐scale solar steam generation. Here, a solar steam evaporator which is fabricated by carbonized willow catkins films and activated by different metal chlorides under nitrogen at 800 °C is demonstrated. Under the light irradiation intensity of one sun (1000 W m−2), water evaporation rate of the prepared evaporator is up to ≈2.17 kg m−2 h−1, and the surface temperatures reach up to 50 and 91.7 °C under water‐saturated and dry situations, respectively, indicating good steam generation ability and heat localization performance of the fabricated evaporator. The SEM, BET, DSC, and ICP‐MS results show that such a high water evaporation rate of the prepared carbon materials is due to the typical tubular micro‐structure, which decreases water enthalpy of evaporation and the water evaporation in the form of molecular clusters. This method of carbonized and activated willow catkins films provides a sustainable way for efficiently harvesting solar energy to produce fresh water from seawater and sewage.

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“…Energy utilizing efficiency for solar steam generation is further calculated according to previous formula: [ 32 ]

\begin{matrix} η = \frac{R_{normale} \times h_{LV}}{3600 q} \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} h_{LV} = C Δ T + Δ h \end{matrix}

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Suo

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…Solar‐powered vapor generation and desalination, which is an economical strategy that mainly utilizes solar energy and ultra‐black materials with efficient light absorption and photothermal conversion properties in solar band, is used to powerfully accelerate the evaporation of water and collect water and thereby solve the crises of drinking water shortage and water pollutions. [ 18–21 ] In the last few years, some evaporators based on different photothermal materials such as metal nanoparticles, [ 22–26 ] semiconductors, [ 27–30 ] polymers, [ 31–35 ] carbon materials, [ 36–48 ] and MXene [ 49–52 ] have been reported. However, most evaporators with high water evaporation rates and photothermal conversion efficiencies have some limitations in practical application scenarios, such as the use of expensive metals (Au and Ag) to enhance light absorption and photothermal conversion, strict and complex preparation processes to achieve microstructural control, and poor durability when used for solar‐powered desalination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Ultra‐Black Sponge Derived from Loofah and Co‐MOF for Long‐Term Solar‐Powered Vapor Generation and Desalination

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

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Designing ultra‐black materials with strong and broadband light absorption and efficient photothermal conversion properties is of great importance in many fields, including camouflage, catalysis, thermal therapy, and solar energy conversion. The West African Gaboon viper (Bitis rhinoceros), a master of camouflage, features black spots on its dorsal scales. The crest‐ridge structure in its black scales has been proven to be a typical antireflection structure. Herein, an artificial biomimetic ultra‐black sponge (BUBS) that imitates the crest‐ridge structure in the black scales of B. rhinoceros is successfully fabricated through growth of vertically aligned carbon nanosheet arrays derived from cobalt‐based metal–organic framework (Co‐MOF) on a loofah sponge. The vertically aligned carbon nanosheet arrays result in enhanced broadband light absorption (up to 97.08% on average) and photothermal conversion (equilibrium temperature of 80.7 °C under 1 sun illumination) of BUBS. Benefiting from its efficient light absorption and photothermal conversion, the BUBS is incorporated into solar‐powered vapor generation and desalination devices. The BUBS shows a higher water evaporation rate and efficiency of 1.93 kg m−2 h−1 and 98.5%, respectively, compared with other state‐of‐the‐art devices under 1 sun illumination. Furthermore, the BUBS also shows continuous and high water evaporation rates and excellent salt‐rejection in various brines, ensuring its potential application in solar‐powered desalination.

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“… 8 Therefore, the first important criterion for an efficient solar evaporator is to be able to absorb and convert solar energy into heat. On the basis of this criterion, various solar absorbers such as plasmonic nanoparticles, 20 semiconductors, 21 metal–organic frameworks, 22 mXene, 23 graphene/graphite, 24 and carbon nanotubes 25 have been explored as photothermal fillers in solar evaporators. However, the aforementioned solar absorbers tend to have high thermal-conductivity that may contribute to significant heat loss, resulting in inferior vapor-generation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Photothermal Cryogels for Solar-Driven Desalination

Loo

Vásquez

Zahid

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This paper reports the fabrication of photothermal cryogels for freshwater production via the solar-driven evaporation of seawater. Photothermal cryogels were prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with ammonium persulfate on preformed poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) cryogels. We found that the pyrrole concentration used in the fabrication process has a significant effect on the final PSA/PPy cryogels (PPCs), causing the as-formed polypyrrole (PPy) layer on the PPC to evolve from nanoparticles to lamellar sheets and to consolidated thin films. PPC fabricated using the lowest pyrrole concentration (i.e., PPC10) displays the best solar-evaporation efficiency compared to the other samples, which is further improved by switching the operative mode from floating to standing. Specifically, in the latter case, the apparent solar evaporation rate and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency reach 1.41 kg m –2 h –1 and 96.9%, respectively, due to the contribution of evaporation from the exposed lateral surfaces. The distillate obtained from the condensed vapor, generated via solar evaporation of a synthetic seawater through PPC10, shows an at least 99.99% reduction of Na while all the other elements are reduced to a subppm level. We attribute the superior solar evaporation and desalination performance of PPC10 to its (i) higher photoabsorption efficiency, (ii) higher heat localization effect, (iii) open porous structure that facilitates vapor removal, (iv) rough pore surface that increases the surface area for light absorption and water evaporation, and (v) higher water-absorption capacity to ensure efficient water replenishment to the evaporative sites. It is anticipated that the gained know-how from this study would offer insightful guidelines to better designs of polymer-based 3D photothermal materials for solar evaporation as well as for other emerging solar-related applications.

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Copper sulfide-macroporous polyacrylamide hydrogel for solar steam generation

Cited by 93 publications

References 52 publications

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Hollow Carbon Fiber Decorated by Nano Structure Surface for High‐Efficiency Water Steam Generation

Biomimetic Ultra‐Black Sponge Derived from Loofah and Co‐MOF for Long‐Term Solar‐Powered Vapor Generation and Desalination

3D Photothermal Cryogels for Solar-Driven Desalination

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