Copper Sulfide (Cu_xS) Nanowire‐in‐Carbon Composites Formed from Direct Sulfurization of the Metal‐Organic Framework HKUST‐1 and Their Use as Li‐Ion Battery Cathodes

Abstract

Li-ion batteries containing cost-effective, environmentally benign cathode materials with high specific capacities are in critical demand to deliver the energy density requirements of electric vehicles and next-generation electronic devices. Here, the phase-controlled synthesis of copper sulfide (Cu x S) composites by the temperature-controlled sulfurization of a prototypal Cu metal-organic framework (MOF), HKUST-1 is reported. The tunable formation of different Cu x S phases within a carbon network represents a simple method for the production of effective composite cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. A direct link between the sulfurization temperature of the MOF and the resultant Cu x S phase formed with more Cu-rich phases favored at higher temperatures is further shown. The Cu x S/C samples are characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in addition to testing as Li-ion cathodes. It is shown that the performance is dependent on both the Cu x S phase and the crystal morphology with the Cu 1.8 S/C-500 material as a nanowire composite exhibiting the best performance, showing a specific capacity of 220 mAh g −1 after 200 charge/discharge cycles.

TiO2/rGO/CuS Nanocomposites for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine‐B Dye

“…The room temperature phases are covellite (CuS), anilite (Cu 1.75 S), digenite (Cu 1.8 S), djurlite (Cu 1.95 S) and chalcocite (Cu 2 S) . Among all these CuS exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties and finds applications in solar cells, optical filters, photocatalytic activity and energy storage devices . Incorporation of CuS to TiO 2 broadens the optical absorption region and hence can be used as an effective photocatalyst in the degradation of chemical effluents in the water.…”

Highly Efficient Nanocarbon Coating Layer on the Nanostructured Copper Sulfide-Metal Organic Framework Derived Carbon for Advanced Sodium-Ion Battery Anode

“…Compared to TMO-based electrodes, TMS-based electrodes possess their own beneficial properties including their relatively small volume change, superior reversibility, and higher electrical conductivity because of proportionally-weaker M–S ionic bonds relative to their M–O counterparts, which enables enhanced rechargeable battery performance [7]. Among the TMS-based anode materials, cuprous sulfide (Cu x S) has been intensively investigated as a strong candidate electrode material for LIBs [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] and SIBs [3,7,18,19], owing to its unique properties of high theoretical capacity (~560 mAh/g for CuS and 337 mAh/g for Cu 2 S), low cost, the environmental harmlessness of sulfur, and good electrical conductivity (10 −3 S/cm) [7,20]. Although the Cu x S-based electrodes have been extensively studied, they have posed some major issues including [3,7,18,19]: (1) irreversible conversion reaction between Cu x S and the Li + /Na + ion, which induces a large volume variation of the Cu x S-based electrodes during prolonged cycling, bringing about corruption of structural integrity and capacity decay; (2) dissolution of sodium sulfide (Na x S) into electrolytes during cycling, causing the loss of active materials.…”

Facile Synthesis of Binder-Free Three-Dimensional CuxS Nanoflowers for Lithium Batteries

“…96 S with the increase in the cycle number. The impurities could be the insignificant trace of copper-rich phases (Fu and Manthiram, 2013;Jache et al, 2014;Foley et al, 2018).…”