Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Alter Serum Biochemical Indices, Induce Histopathological Alterations, and Modulate Transcription of Cytokines, HSP70, and Oxidative Stress Genes in Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

In the present study, fish were exposed to sub-lethal doses of CuONPs (68.92 ± 3.49 nm) (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 50 mg/L) for a long exposure period (25 days). Compared to the control group (0.0 mg/L CuONPs), a significant dose-dependent elevation in blood urea and creatinine values, serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities were evident in CuONPs-exposed groups (p < 0.05). Fish exposure to 50 mg/L CuONPs significantly upregulated the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin 12, and interleukin 8), heat shock protein 70, apoptosis-related gene (caspase 3), and oxidative stress-related (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) genes in liver and gills of the exposed fish in comparison with those in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, varying histopathological injuries were noticed in the hepatopancreatic tissues, posterior kidneys, and gills of fish groups correlated to the tested exposure dose of CuONPs. In summary, our results provide new insights and helpful information for better understanding the mechanisms of CuONPs toxicity in Nile tilapia at hematological, molecular levels, and tissue levels.

The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease

“…In our study, there was no significant difference in INF-γ concentration among the groups, and HSP-70 was decreased in the HT and HL groups compared with the control group. In a similar sense, the mRNA expression levels of HSP-70 were increased of the Nile tilapia when exposed to toxicants and stressors ( Abdel-Latif et al, 2021a , b ). Additionally, previous research revealed that probiotics Clostridium butyricum could similarly increase the expression of the IL-10 and HSP-70 in weaning rex rabbits ( Liu et al, 2019 ) and colon cancer HT-29 cells ( Andriamihaja et al, 2009 ; Meng et al, 2021 ).…”

Fish liver damage related to the wastewater treatment plant effluents

“…It can accumulate or deplete depending on contaminant. Decrease in WWTP effluent exposure Eelpout—native, spotted snakehead—laboratory, bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus )—caged, Mastacembelus armatus —native, Nile tilapia—laboratory Abdel-Latif et al ( 2021 ); Du et al ( 2019 ); Kaur and Dua ( 2014 ); Javed and Usmani ( 2013 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ) Fibrosis Excess formation and deposition of collagen or fibrous tissue within the parenchyma. Fibrous tissue spreads to fill the gaps left by the retrogressing cells Cod ( Gadus morhua )—native, flatfish—native; eelpout—native, brown trout ( Salmo trutta )—caged, silver catfish—caged, sharptooth catfish—native, flounder, ruffe, and smelt—native ( 2001 ); Peters et al ( 1987 ) Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( 2018 ); Borucinska et al ( 2017 ); Oliveira et al ( 2015 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ); Khan ( 2003 ); Schmidt-Posthaus et al Non-specific lesions Lipidosis/steatosis Vacuoles of lipid deposition in the hepatocytes, displacing and compressing the nucleus Flatfish—native, eelpout—native, carp -laboratory, spotted snakehead—laboratory, Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) —farmed and native; silver catfish—caged, carp—native, sharptooth catfish—native Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( 2018 ); Oliveira et al ( 2015 ); Kaur and Dua ( 2014 ); Omar et al ( 2013 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ); Mustafa et al ( 2012 ); Abdel-Moneim and Abdel-Mohsen ( 2010 ); Khan ( 2003 ) Granuloma Inflammatory lesions with dense macrophages in the center and deep basophilic nuclei in the periphery Striped catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus )—native,eelpout—native, sharptooth catfish—native, dab—native Puttipong et al ( 2020 ); Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( ...…”

“…Cells lacking almost all inner organization Cod—native, Flatfish—native, eelpout—native, Mastacembelus armatus —native; Brown trout—caged, carp—laboratory; spotted snakehead—laboratory, Nile tilapia and mullet—farmed and native, silver catfish—caged, carp and sharptooth catfish—native, dab—native, flounder, ruffe, and smelt—native, Prussian carp—native Wagenaar and Barnhoorn ( 2018 ); Borucinska et al ( 2017 ); Lang et al ( 2017 ); Topić Popović et al ( 2016 ); Oliveira et al ( 2015 ); Kaur and Dua ( 2014 ); Javed and Usmani ( 2013 ); Omar et al ( 2013 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ); Mustafa et al ( 2012 ); Khan ( 2003 ); Schmidt-Posthaus et al ( 2001 ); Johnsen et al ( 1998 ); Peters et al ( 1987 ) Apoptosis Condensed chromatin of hepatocyte nuclei. Cytoplasm fragmented into membrane-bound particles, phagocytic cells Nile tilapia—laboratory, eelpout—native, Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio ) —native, carp—laboratory Abdel-Latif et al ( 2021 ); Gu et al ( 2021 ); Topić Popović et al ( 2016 ); Fricke et al ( 2012 ) Early toxicopathic lesions Peliosis Presence of intact erythrocytes and eosinophilic serous material within cystic structures Cod—native, Nile tilapia and mullet—farmed and native, flatfish ( Euryglossa orientalis )—native, spotted snakehead—laboratory Borucinska et al ( 2017 ); Chupani et al ( 2013 ); Omar et al ( 2013 ); Roy and Bhattacharya ( 2006 ) Phospholipidosis Enlarged hepatocytes with foamy cytoplasm and numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules Brown trout—caged, sharptooth catfish—native Abdel-Moneim and Abdel-Mohsen ( 2010 ); Johnsen et al ( 1998 ) …”

Changes of Gene Expression Patterns from Aquatic Organisms Exposed to Metal Nanoparticles

“…On the other hand, in Oreochromis niloticus, 50 mg L −1 caused elevation of the transcripts for SOD, CAT, and GP, but TNFα also showed up-regulation. Additional up-regulated genes consisted of IL-1β, IL-12, Hsp70, and caspase3 [45].…”