Copper nanoparticles lead to reproductive dysfunction by affecting key enzymes of ovarian hormone synthesis and metabolism in female rats

Comparable Toxicity of Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Experimental Study on Reproductive Toxicity in Rats

“…Moreover, our findings indicate that the ovarian endocrine components of TiO 2 -and TiO 2 /SA-treated animals are targets of NPs, as evidenced by the increase in abnormal (apoptosis and necrosis-like) morphologies of secretory cells, large atretic follicles, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, lymphocytosis, and vascular dilation and congestion (Figure 2C-F). The observed ovarian injuries with irregular cycles and significantly higher fractional contributions of ovaries in the TiO 2 and TiO 2 /SA groups could be associated with the structural damage of the mitochondria and nuclei of ovarian cells, including mitochondrial swelling, rupture, chromatin condensation, and irregularity in the nuclear membrane, as previously reported by Wang et al [48], but also with modifications in the expression of genes related to estrogen and progesterone synthesis and metabolism [49,50]. It was found that the application of TiO 2 NPs upregulated Cyp17a1, which is responsible for enhanced estradiol production [51], which is important considering that the expression levels of estradiol and progesterone, secreted by granulosa and luteal cells, are typically used to estimate ovarian endocrine function [52].…”

Acute exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles impairs testicular function and sperm quality in adult male albino rats

“…However, it is important to note that this study did not specifically use CuO NPs, and their study was carried out on fish, not rats. Another study conducted on female rats found that CuO NPs led to reproductive dysfunction by affecting key enzymes of ovarian hormone synthesis and metabolism (Luo et al, 2023). Overall, there is limited information on the specific effects of CuO NPson GSI.…”

The Impact of Inorganic Systems and Photoactive Metal Compounds on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Metabolism: From Induction to Inhibition

“…The authors investigated CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, and the effects were most pronounced for high-dose CuNP, with smaller effects observed with micro-copper. Another report found an impact of CuNP in vivo on rat brain CYP expression, which the authors attributed to increased oxidative stress and altered expression of nuclear receptors in the brain [16], while another study demonstrated an impact on CYP-mediated hormone metabolism [17]. In the latter investigation, 6.25 µg/mL of CuNPs downregulated the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP3A4 but increased the protein expression of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and CYP19; protein levels were altered by 2-3 fold, and estrogen levels were elevated by the same factor.…”

“…(Notably, nitric oxide produced by NOS under inflammatory conditions also plays a role in CYP regulation [55]). Metal-conjugated substrates based on the amino acid arginine were developed to target the active site containing pendant Re(I) [56,57] and Ru(II) [17] diimine complexes. In addition, the first cofactor-tethered system was created based on a Ru(II) polypyridine complex conjugated to the redox-active tetrahydrobiopterin [58].…”