Copper Mesh Templated by Breath-Figure Polymer Films as Flexible Transparent Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Zhou, Weixin; Chen, Jun; Li, Yang; Wang, Danbei; Chen, Jianyu; Feng, Xiang; Huang, Zhen-Dong; Liu, Ruiqing; Lin, Xiujing; Zhang, Hongmei; Mi, Baoxiu; Ma, Yanwen

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b01117

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, ITO films are not applicable to flexible OLEDs because they are brittle. Therefore, many substitutable electrodes have been investigated to replace ITO films such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, conductive polymers, and metal‐based electrodes . Among the alternatives, metal‐based electrodes are a strong candidate due to their superior electrical and optical transmittance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu‐based electrodes have been attractive as a substitute for ITO because of their cost‐efficiency. However, Cu‐based electrodes are easily oxidized at low temperature and have lower conductivity and transparency than Ag . On the other hand, the reports of Ag‐based electrodes have been numerous due to its excellent performances such as high electrical conductivity and transparency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Junction‐Free Electrospun Ag Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Choi

Shim

Park

et al. 2017

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Fabrication of junction-free Ag fiber electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is demonstrated. The junction-free Ag fiber electrodes are fabricated by electrospun polymer fibers used as an etch mask and wet etching of Ag thin film. This process facilitates surface roughness control, which is important in transparent electrodes based on metal wires to prevent electrical instability of the OLEDs. The transmittance and resistance of Ag fiber electrodes can be independently adjusted by controlling spinning time and Ag deposition thickness. The Ag fiber electrode shows a transmittance of 91.8% (at 550 nm) at a sheet resistance of 22.3 Ω □ , leading to the highest OLED efficiency. In addition, Ag fiber electrodes exhibit excellent mechanical durability, as shown by measuring the change in resistance under repeatable mechanical bending and various bending radii. The OLEDs with Ag fiber electrodes on a flexible substrate are successfully fabricated, and the OLEDs show an enhancement of EQE (≈19%) compared to commercial indium tin oxide electrodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Junction‐Free Electrospun Ag Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Choi

Shim

Park

et al. 2017

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“…The diameter and degree of ordering of the can be seen to increase for the films made under an air flow humidity of 59% and 74% and further towards a value of RH-F equal to 89% (Figure 4.7), in agreement with previous observations. 10,52,53 It can be concluded that a threshold level of moisture is required for the formation of ordered patterns, within the range of 45% to 50%, in line with previous reports. 54 Numerical analysis has shown that the threshold humidity or the cut-off of condensation is related to the saturation of the vapour as the temperature decreases, 48 which is correlated with the convection and the growth of water droplets.…”

Section: Effect Of Relative Humidity Of the Air Flowsupporting

confidence: 89%

Exploring Novel Polymer Coatings for Antimicrobial Applications

Chen¹

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The ideal remedy to resist bacterial contamination on surfaces is to avoid the initial attachment of bacteria. The combination of the advances of polymer science and the requirement for long-lasting sterilisation of surfaces gave birth to antimicrobial polymer coatings, which provide an effective approach to preventing the initial attachment of bacteria through biocidal or antibiofouling functions.To meet the requirements of biomedical applications, antimicrobial polymer coatings still need refinements on the basis of the interaction between bacteria and the materials. Concurrently, interdisciplinary studies have inspired novel designs of polymer coatings through introducing ordered patterns to improve their antimicrobial performance. These two points are the foundations of this thesis to explore three novel polymer coating systems focusing on their antimicrobial performance, i.e. antibiofouling, biocidal, and combined functionalities through surface patterning.For antibiofouling purposes, fluorinated polymers have been insufficiently used compared to superhydrophilic and zwitterionic polymer coatings, despite proven effective against the contamination by particles, proteins and marine organisms. It is worthwhile investigating the feasibility and efficacy of fluorinated polymers as antibiofouling materials. In Chapters 2 and 3, block and statistical copolymers of partly-fluorinated methacrylate monomer, 1H,1H-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared and fabricated into thin films. Through thermal annealing, the migration of the HFBMA repeating units at the air-polymer interface diminished surface free energy. The decrease in surface energy was consistent with the increase of the composition of HFBMA, while the block copolymers showed a more efficient reduction in surface energy compared to statistical copolymers due to phase separation. Subsequently, the antibiofouling performance of the films against S. aureus and E. coli were examined, where stronger and more constant antibiofouling behaviour was observed for block copolymer coatings with higher compositions of HFBMA.The combination of antibiofouling and biocidal functionalities potentially enhances the efficacy of coatings. Coatings with surface patterning such as line/trench topographies in micro-scale are effective against the formation of biofilms. As one of novel designs, coatings with micro-scale pores in honeycomb patterns and their antimicrobial behaviour were systematically studied in Chapters 4 and 5. The honeycomb patterns were introduced to polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinlylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) through "breath figures" method. The influences of different casting and chemical parameters on the size and regularity of the patterns were investigated, through which honeycomb-patterned films ii with a range of pore sizes were fabricated for subsequent biological tests. In the meantime, biocidal function was integrated into the honeycomb-patterned film by quaternising the P4VP blocks. The antibiofouling activ...

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“…Besides the template fabricated through photolithography, the periodic or random arranged microspheres on substrate can also act as the template for the deposition of metal film with micrometer size holes, which allow the penetration of light . Thin film with the formation of cracks inside, in most cases, is normally regarded as poor quality.…”

Section: The Front Metal Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications

Ren

Ouyang

et al. 2018

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Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.

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Copper Mesh Templated by Breath-Figure Polymer Films as Flexible Transparent Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Junction‐Free Electrospun Ag Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Junction‐Free Electrospun Ag Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Exploring Novel Polymer Coatings for Antimicrobial Applications

Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications

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