Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Podwika, W.; Kleszcz, Krzysztof; Krośniak, Mirosław; Zagrodzki, Paweł

doi:10.1007/s12011-017-1140-x

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Some studies have reported lower levels of PTEs in green tea than black tea; our findings were in line with these studies (Barone et al, 2016;Podwika et al, 2018). The level of Pb in green tea samples (0.47 ± 0.07 mg kg −1 ) analyzed by Barone et al (2016) was lower than that of black tea (0.55 ± 0.35 mg kg −1 ), although de Oliveira et al (2018) reported higher Pb level in green tea (0.76 ± 0.12 mg kg −1 ) while compared with black tea (0.64 ± 0.11 mg kg −1 ) (Barone et al, 2016;de Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

Heshmati

Mehri

Karami-Momtaz

et al. 2020

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The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), among 160 samples of black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf—in Iran was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Besides, the transfer rate of PTEs from made tea into tea infusion was investigated, and the related health risk for consumers was assessed. According to the results, the content of the PTEs is dependent on the type of tea (black or green), the place of cultivation (Iran or India), and the supplied form (both bagged and loose-leaf). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and As in green tea was significantly lower than black tea (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Zn and Cu in green tea were higher than the corresponding values for black tea. The mean concentration of Pb, As, and Zn in bagged tea samples was significantly higher than those of loose-leaf tea, while the Cd and As levels in Iranian tea samples were significantly lower than the Indian samples. Generally speaking, the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 0.59 ± 0.12, 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.12, 14.23 ± 4.90, and 11.10 ± 2.49 mg kg?1, respectively. The mean transfer rates of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 7.78, 6.29, 9.27, 12.91, and 13.08%, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and noncarcinogenic quotient (target hazard quotient [THQ]) due to the ingestion of PTEs besides the carcinogenic risk of As and Cd were considered as acceptable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

Heshmati

Mehri

Karami-Momtaz

et al. 2020

qas

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“…Many authors confirm the significant role of tea infusions, demonstrated in this study, in providing the amount of manganese recommended for daily intake [ 25 , 30 ], while Brzezicha-Cirocka et al [ 31 ] also indicate that they may provide the body with a noticeable level of copper, magnesium, and zinc, and only a very small amount of calcium and sodium.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The variation in the level of minerals in various tea infusions has been indicated by numerous authors [ 7 , 10 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] who, besides the tea production method, also noted other factors impacting this variation such as the variety, location and method of leaf cultivation and the duration and technique of harvesting, storage and transport. The differences in the content of minerals shown by the authors depend to a large extent on the type of tea leaves available in the country, and the differences between them may be several- [ 10 , 29 ], several dozen- [ 31 ] or even several hundred-fold [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Significant components of tea also include important minerals such as copper, manganese, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium [ 10 ]. Minerals are incorporated in all tissues of the body and are involved in many life processes by determining their correct course [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. An excessively small or large amount of these minerals in the diet may lead to characteristic disorders and increase the risk of “diseases of affluence” (osteoporosis, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, and diabetes) [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds in the Human Diet

et al. 2021

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Due to the different levels of bioactive compounds in tea reported in the literature, the aim of this study was to determine whether commercially available leaf teas could be an important source of phenolics and selected minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium) and if the differences in the content of these components between various types of tea are significant. It was found that both the amount of these compounds in tea and the antioxidant activity of tea infusions were largely determined by the origin of tea leaves as well as the processing method, which can modify the content of the studied components up to several hundred-fold. The group of green teas was the best source of phenolic compounds (110.73 mg/100 mL) and magnesium (1885 µg/100 mL) and was also characterised by the highest antioxidant activity (59.02%). This type of tea is a great contributor to the daily intake of the studied components. The average consumption of green tea infusions, assumed to be 3–4 cups (1 L) a day, provides the body with health-promoting polyphenol levels significantly exceeding the recommended daily dose. Moreover, drinking one litre of an unfermented tea infusion provides more than three times the recommended daily intake of manganese. Tea infusions can be a fairly adequate, but only a supplementary, source of potassium, zinc, magnesium, and copper in the diet. Moreover, it could be concluded that the antioxidant activity of all the analysed types of tea infusions results not only from the high content of phenolic compounds and manganese but is also related to the presence of magnesium and potassium.

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“…The other sources of this mineral are vegetables, potatoes, fruit and tea [64,96]. Especially very common in Poland habitual drinking of tea infusions may significantly contribute to the meeting of the reference value for manganese [97,98,99]. However, manganese is an essential nutrient due to its role [10,12,13,14,15] in terms of the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol [10,16,17] as well as many functions of different systems [14,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important are Cereals and Cereal Products in the Average Polish Diet?

et al. 2019

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The main aim of this study was to identify the food sources of energy and 28 nutrients from cereals and cereal products in the average Polish diet based on data from a nationally representative sample of the Polish population attending in 2016 Household Budget Survey (i.e., 36,886 households). The contribution of energy and nutrients from cereals and cereal products were compared with reference values. The detailded analysis included five main groups and nine sub-groups of cereal food category. Our findings indicated that cereals and cereal products contributed 30.4% of total dietary energy supply, providing a significant percentage of six nutrients to the average Polish diet (i.e., 64.1% of manganese, 51% of carbohydrates, 48.5% of dietary fibre, 34.1% of iron, 33.6% of folate, and 31.3% of copper). Supply at the level of 20–30% was observed for protein, thiamin, phosphorus and zinc, and at 10–20% for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sodium, potassium, calcium, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. For other nutrients i.e., total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), cholesterol, iodine, vitamins: A, D, B12, and C, the share of cereals and cereal products contribution was below 10%. Cereals and cereal products were the major food category in meeting the reference values for the Polish population in case of manganese, carbohydrates (approximately100%), and sodium (50%). The reference values was reached at the level of 30–40% for dietary fibre, protein, iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus and thiamin, and 20–30% for energy, magnesium, folate, niacin, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and E. For such nutrients as total fat, SFA, and potassium, the fulfillment of the reference values amounted to 10–20%. Our results document the importance of cereals and cereal products in the Polish diet, which should be emphasized from a nutritional and health point of view.

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Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

Tea as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds in the Human Diet

How Important are Cereals and Cereal Products in the Average Polish Diet?

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