Copper Loaded Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as eco‐friendly Fenton-like catalyst to Effectively Remove Organic Dyes

Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite, an outstanding catalytic material for carbon and nitrogen fixation

“…In the last years, the simplest utilization of HAp, as substrate of catalytic nanoparticles, 38,39 has been substituted by more advanced uses taking advantage of above mentioned HAp properties. 38–41 More specifically, the ion-exchange method has been used to prepare supported HAp metallic catalysts. For example, the incorporation of copper, 40 palladium, 41 ruthenium 42 and cobalt 43 has been successfully used to catalyze the degradation of toxic organic pollutants, the low-temperature methane (CH 4 ) combustion, the cleavage of aromatic ether groups and the water oxidation.…”

“…38–41 More specifically, the ion-exchange method has been used to prepare supported HAp metallic catalysts. For example, the incorporation of copper, 40 palladium, 41 ruthenium 42 and cobalt 43 has been successfully used to catalyze the degradation of toxic organic pollutants, the low-temperature methane (CH 4 ) combustion, the cleavage of aromatic ether groups and the water oxidation. On the other hand, surface OH − anions from HAp nanowires were used to fix cobalt-based metal–organic framework and promote the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.…”

High Anticorrosion Properties due to Electron Spin Polarization of Hydroxyapatite with Point Defects

“…The binding energy of the Cu 2p 1/2 peak is 955.24 eV, and the presence of the peak at this location is related to the formation of Cu 2+ in copper phosphate and proved the substitution of CaII . The peak of Cu 2p 3/2 splits into two peaks at 935.58 and 932.55 eV, corresponding to the Cu + in Cu 2 O and Cu 2+ in Cu 3 (PO 3 ) 2 , respectively . Where the formation of Cu + is due to the reduction of Cu 2+ at a portion of the substituted CaII site located at the surface c of the HAP crystal in a citric acid environment.…”

Enhancement of photocatalytic efficacy by exploiting copper doping in nano-hydroxyapatite for degradation of Congo red dye

“…in a composite or doped form. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Copper is another doping element for the HAp crystal and has recently been used in Fenton-like Cu doped HAp either alone or in combination with other elements, 10,18 in polycaprolactone encapsulated HAp, 19 to enhance biocompatibility, 20 etc.…”

“…Fenton and photo-Fenton processes are other widely used methods for wastewater treatment that also have a few inherent shortcomings such as a narrow pH range of application, non-recyclability of iron, etc. 10 To eliminate the secondary pollutants, broad application range photodegradation is the best choice for dye 11 and antibiotics 12 remediation using HAp. HAp alone cannot achieve photodegradation with high catalytic efficiency of contaminants in the presence of a light source.…”