Copper injection molding using a thermoplastic binder based on paraffin wax

Moballegh, Leila; Morshedian, Jalil; Esfandeh, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.04.027

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Their results demonstrated the effects of various embossing parameters on the filling of micro-cavities in the silicon mould insert and the de-moulding of microstructures. Meng et al [12] have conducted an experimental analysis on the dimensional change and surface roughness of replication of micro-fluidic system by micro powder injection moulding using 316L stainless steel. They obtained the well replication with good shape retention and without visible defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part

Sahli

Gelin

2013

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part

Sahli

Gelin

2013

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…As paraffin waxes have excellent properties, such as water-repellency and lubricity they find a wide range of applications including paper and chipboard production, packaging materials, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and plastic industries [2]. Apart from these, they are also used as a component of binder system in ceramic processing, metal powder molding and metal injection molding [3,4]. A technical grade paraffin wax was used as phase change material in deposition of solar energy due to its high latent heat of melting (i.e., 190 kJ kg -1 ) [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of zinc stearate on thermal degradation of paraffin wax

Gönen

Balköse

İnal

et al. 2008

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Petroleum waxes are complex mixtures of high molecular mass saturated hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbon mixtures mainly consist of n-, iso-, and cyclo-alkanes and traces of aromatic and hetero-analogous compounds in the range of C16-C65 [1,2]. They are mainly divided into two groups, macrocrystalline and microcrystalline waxes, according to their structural constituents. In refining industry, waxes are obtained as a by-product in lubricating oil manufacturing process. As paraffin waxes have excellent properties, such as water-repellency and lubricity they find a wide range of applications including paper and chipboard production, packaging materials, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and plastic industries [2]. Apart from these, they are also used as a component of binder system in ceramic processing, metal powder molding and metal injection molding [3,4]. A technical grade paraffin wax was used as phase change material in deposition of solar energy due to its high latent heat of melting (i.e., 190 kJ kg -1 ) [5]. In most of its applications, thermal decomposition takes place during processing or sintering, such as ceramic or metal powder molding. Another use of paraffin wax is solid fuel for rocket systems. Recently, it has been studied as a high regression rate propellant. It is a candidate for rocket solid fuel, which is expected to replace the conventional rocket fuels, such as cryogenic combustible gases; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), due to its low cost, reduced complexity and increased performance. It has been pointed out that paraffin wax regression rate is about 0.100 cm -1 , which is five times greater than the other solid hybrid fuels [6]. The thermal decomposition kinetics of RP-1 rocket propellant, which consists of paraffins, olefins and aromatics, was investigated between 375-500°C. Thermal decomposition kinetics of RP-1 was assumed to occur by first order reaction [7].Paraffin molecules having different chain length behave similarly towards most of the reactants under similar reaction conditions. When they are heated, they start to degrade into smaller chain lengths. The degradation of petroleum based material is assumed as first order reactions [8].The chain length can be decreased by high temperature treatment and solids having metal ions that act as catalysts. Paraffins in oxidizing media at high temperature undergo simultaneous pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. Pyrolysis of n-hexadecane, considered as paraffinic substance, was studied by Watanabe et al. at 500-550°C in a batch type closed reactor [9]. There were five elementary reaction groups in the pyrolysis of n-hexadecane; initiation, isomerization, b-scission, H-abstraction and termination. In this mechanism, n-alkanes were produced from H-abstraction and l-alkenes are formed via b-scission [9]. Polyethylene which is a polymeric paraffin was converted to liquid and wax products using zeolite with concentrations up to maximum mass by 50% [10]. Organometallic compounds are added to fuels in small qu...

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“…Figure 7 shows the relationship between the dimensional shrinkage of sintered parts and the PMMA portion. As it can be seen, the shrinkage is almost the same in two dimensions; this indicates that the feedstock has a relatively good homogeneity [10,11]. It is also obvious that the radial shrinkage is a little more than the axial shrinkage, which could be due to the large binder shrinkage that occurs along a direction normal to the material flow direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fabrication of porous Ni–YSZ anodes by PSH-PIM

Panahi

Khoshkish

Saraji

2011

Ionics

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This paper has investigated the fabrication process of porous Ni-YSZ anodes by the powder injection molding method, in which a powder space holder (PSH) is used. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been used as a PSH for mixing with NiO-YSZ powders. For this study, five kinds of feedstock containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% PMMA by volume were prepared. The thermoplastic binder used for the process had a fixed 35 vol.%, and the powder loads formed the remaining 65, 55, 45, 35, and 25 vol.% of the feedstock. After molding and debinding, the parts were sintered at 1,500°C. The obtained results showed that increasing the PMMA portion of the feedstock and reducing its powder load causes the viscosity of the feedstock to decrease. The amount of shrinkage of the samples containing 0-30% PMMA showed an almost linear increase with the increase of the PMMA content, and for the samples with 40% PMMA, this increase of shrinkage was higher. The amount of porosity in the samples having 0-30% PMMA increased with the rise in the PMMA content, but in the samples containing 40% PMMA, the amount of porosity decreased, such that it was less than that of the samples with 30% PMMA. The electrical conductivity and flexural strength of all the samples were also studied in this work.

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Copper injection molding using a thermoplastic binder based on paraffin wax

Cited by 69 publications

References 2 publications

Development of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part

Development of a feedstock formulation based on polypropylene for micro-powder soft embossing process of 316L stainless steel micro-channel part

The effect of zinc stearate on thermal degradation of paraffin wax

Fabrication of porous Ni–YSZ anodes by PSH-PIM

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