Copper (II) catalyzed homocoupling and heterocoupling of terminal alkynes

Bronze Age of Direct Mechanocatalysis: How Alloyed Milling Materials Advance Coupling in Ball Mills

“…This alteration between the reagents is in line with the reactivity reported in the literature. [34] Altogether, the screening experiments proved the robustness of the direct mechanocatalytic Glaser coupling toward the examined influencing parameters.…”

Recyclable Catalysts for Alkyne Functionalization

“…Based on traditional methods, this coupling requires the use of palladium and oxidative agent additives [13], which poses potential environmental and expense concerns. There have been many recent improvements to find new sustainable and greener methodologies that can efficiently carry out these reactions using transition metal catalysis, such as the work reported by Holganza et al [14] in 2019, where they used a Cu(II) catalyst with air as the oxidizing agent under room temperature. However, works such as this present new effective alternative are slightly limited in the sense that they are efficient but only single reactions and do not involve recyclable catalysts that can be used for multiple times.…”

“…[15] previously reported, in 2012, the use of immobilized CuI SBA-15 as a catalyst for the efficient homocoupling and heterocoupling of terminal alkyne and without the need for base, for the successful synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes (Scheme 9). transition metal catalysis, such as the work reported by Holganza et al [14] in 2019, where they used a Cu(II) catalyst with air as the oxidizing agent under room temperature. However, works such as this present new effective alternative are slightly limited in the sense that they are efficient but only single reactions and do not involve recyclable catalysts that can be used for multiple times.…”

Alkyne Linchpin Strategy for Drug:Pharmacophore Conjugation: Experimental and Computational Realization of a Meta-Selective Inverse Sonogashira Coupling

“…[31][32][33][34][35] In many systems, silver salt plays an essential role in enhancing the reaction rate and/or yields. Various roles of silver carboxylate AgCOOR salts in such reactions have been proposed: (1) they serve as a source of carboxylate for the Pd(II) metal-centre, participating in carboxylate-assisted concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) in the C-H activation step; [35][36][37][38][39] (2) they act as a terminal oxidant to regenerate Pd(II) catalyst; [40][41][42] (3) they form heterometallic Pd−Ag complexes that facilitate C−H activation; 40,43,44 (4) they directly activate C−H bond forming Ag-C intermediate; 45,46 (5) they act as halide scavengers in PdX (X = halide) complex after the reductive elimination step. 47 The experimental work to establish the exact role of these silver additives are rare and an understanding of their exact roles in the mechanistic picture is rather incomplete.…”