Copper-Guanosine Nanorods (Cu-Guo NRs) as a Laccase Mimicking Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Rutin

Abstract

Inspired by laccase activity, herein, Cu-guanosine nanorods (Cu-Guo NRs) have been synthesized for the first time through a simple procedure. The activity of the Cu-Guo NR as the laccase mimicking nanozyme has been examined in the colorimetric sensing of rutin (Rtn) by a novel and simple spectrophotometric method. The distinct changes in the absorbance signal intensity of Rtn and a distinguished red shift under the optimum condition based on pH and ionic strength values confirmed the formation of the oxidized form of Rtn (o-quinone) via laccase-like nanozyme activity of Cu-Guo NRs. A vivid and concentration-dependent color variation from green to dark yellow led to the visual detection of Rtn in a broad concentration range from 770 nM to 54.46 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 114 nM. The proposed methodology was successfully applied for the fast tracing of Rtn in the presence of certain common interfering species and various complex samples such as propolis dry extract, human biofluids, and dietary supplement tablets, with satisfactory precision. The sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor, which are bonuses in addition to rapid, on-site, cost-effective, and naked-eye determination of Rtn, hold great promise to provide technical support for routine analysis in the real world.

Tris-Copper Nanozyme as a Novel Laccase Mimic for the Detection and Degradation of Phenolic Compounds

“…Currently, Sensors 2023, 23, 8137 2 of 20 the conventional detection methods for phenolic compounds are high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, ion mobility spectrometry, chemiluminescence, continuous flow analysis, flow injection analysis, electrochemistry, and colorimetric sensing [8,9]. These detection methods have excellent accuracy and sensitivity but are expensive and time-consuming and require complex instruments and well-trained technicians; in contrast, colorimetric detection has the advantages of simple operations, low costs, fast speeds, visualization abilities, and on-site detection, and it has great application prospects in environmental pollutant monitoring [10,11].…”

Colorimetric Sensors: Methods and Applications

“…Colorimetric sensors have attracted considerable attention in many sensing applications because of their specificity, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, rapid analysis, simplicity of operation, and clear visibility to the naked eye [ 1 ]. A number of colorimetric sensors have been developed for the detection of metal and non-metal ions [ 2 , 3 ], proteins [ 4 ], small molecules [ 5 , 6 ], gases [ 7 ], viruses and bacteria [ 8 , 9 ], DNA/RNA [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], reactive oxygen species and acidity/base [ 13 ], as well as the biomarkers in clinical diagnostics [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, the complex compositions of various samples and the low content of analytes make it critical to develop sensing tools with high sensitivity and selectivity.…”

A fluorescent sensor for rutin hydrate based on a cyanostilbene macrocycle

“…[4][5][6] Rutin hydrate plays an adjunctive therapeutic role in hypertensive encephalopathy, post-partum haemorrhage, retinal haemorrhage and cerebral haemorrhage, 7,8 and acts as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, antiallergic, antihypertensive and immunomodulatory agent in living organisms. [9][10][11][12] Based on these advantages, it is already a widely used drug in clinical practice, and in the food, beverage and cosmetic industries. 13 However, rutin interacts easily with heavy metal ions to form harmful substances.…”