Copper‐Filled Carbon Nanotubes: Rheostatlike Behavior and Femtogram Copper Mass Transport

Golberg, Dmitri; Costa, Pedro M. F. J.; Mitome, Masanori; Hampel, Silke; Haase, Diana; Mueller, Christian; Leonhardt, A.; Bando, Yoshio

doi:10.1002/adma.200700126

Cited by 98 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The speed of the nanocrystal can be tuned over many orders of magnitude, since the speed of the nanocrystal depends exponentially on the applied electrical current 1 . The motion of the metallic nanocrystal on the interior or exterior of the carbon nanotube has been observed previously for iron [1][2][3][4] , copper 5 , tungsten 6 , indium 7 , and gallium 8 . The movement of nanocrystals inside carbon nanotubes is interesting from the perspective of memory applications 1 , as a constituted element of nanomachines, or for tunable synthesis of metal nanocrystals 9 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Theoretical study of solid iron nanocrystal movement inside a carbon nanotube

2013

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We use a first-principles based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to study the movement of a solid iron nanocrystal inside a carbon nanotube driven by the electrical current. The origin of the iron nanocrystal movement is the electromigration force. Even though the iron nanocrystal appears to be moving as a whole, we find that the core atoms of the nanocrystal is completely stationary, and only the surface atoms are moving. Movement in the contact region with the carbon nanotube is driven by electromigration forces, and the movement on the remaining surfaces is driven by diffusion. Results of our calculations also provide a simple model which can predict the center of mass speed of the iron nanocrystal over a wide range of parameters. We find both qualitative and quantitative agreement of the iron nanocrystal center of mass speed with experimental data.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Theoretical study of solid iron nanocrystal movement inside a carbon nanotube

2013

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“…Overall, changing the bias direction ( Supplementary Fig. S8) led to an adjustment of the hotspot position and its further expansion, but did not result in the generalized reversal of mass transfer observed for metal-filled CNTs and characteristic of electromigration processes 10,11 . Further experiments working solely within the reverse or forward regimes (that is, non-cycled) showed similar responses to that seen in Figure 2.…”

Section: Joule Heating Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct imaging of Joule heating dynamics and temperature profiling inside a carbon nanotube interconnect

et al. 2011

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understanding resistive (or Joule) heating in fundamental nanoelectronic blocks, such as carbon nanotubes, remains a major challenge, particularly in regard to their structural and thermal variations during prolonged periods of electrical stress. Here we show real-time imaging of the associated effects of Joule heating in the channel of carbon nanotube interconnects. First, electrical contacts to nanotubes entirely filled with a sublimable material are made inside a transmission electron microscope. on exposure to a high current density, resistive hotspots are identified on (or near) the contact points. These later migrate and expand along the carbon nanotube, as indicated by the localized sublimation of the encapsulated material. using the hotspot edges as markers, it is possible to estimate the internal temperature profiles of the nanotube. simple and direct, our method provides remarkable spatial and temporal insights into the dynamics of resistive hotspots and millisecond-paced thermal variations occurring inside nanoscaled tubular interconnects.

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“…Previous experimental investigations of controlled melting and flowing of single crystalline copper from individual CNTs [6,7] have shown that very low current induces melting and drives the flow, which is much more efficient than irradiation-based techniques involving high energy electron beams [16][17][18][19], focused-ion beams (FIB) [20], or lasers [14]. Furthermore, conservation of the material is facilitated by its encapsulation as opposed to conveying mass on the external surface of nanotubes [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing interest in using it as electrodes and functional elements for the next generation of integrated circuits has been stimulated by the discovery of CNTs, nanowires, and other building blocks, and enabled by bottom-up nanotechnologies such as self-assembly [9], robotic assembly [10], and welding [6,11]. With the possibility of delivering attogram copper from conduits [6,7], copper-filled CNTs [12] are an ideal combination for self-welding of self-assembled nanotubes [9] onto electrodes, among other potential nanofluidic applications [13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotube Boiler: Attogram Copper Evaporation Driven by Electric Current, Joule Heating, Charge, and Ionization

Dong¹,

Tao²,

Hamdi

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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Abstract-Controlled copper evaporation at attogram level from individual carbon nanotube (CNT) vessels, which we call nanotube boilers, is investigated experimentally and theoretically. We compared the evaporation modes induced by electric current, Joule heating, charge, and ionization in these CNT boilers, which can serve as sources for mass transport and deposition in nanofluidic systems. Experiments and molecular dynamics simulations show that the most effective method for evaporation is by positively ionizing the encapsulated copper, therefore, an electrostatic field can be used to guide the flow.

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Copper‐Filled Carbon Nanotubes: Rheostatlike Behavior and Femtogram Copper Mass Transport

Cited by 98 publications

References 30 publications

Theoretical study of solid iron nanocrystal movement inside a carbon nanotube

Theoretical study of solid iron nanocrystal movement inside a carbon nanotube

Direct imaging of Joule heating dynamics and temperature profiling inside a carbon nanotube interconnect

Nanotube Boiler: Attogram Copper Evaporation Driven by Electric Current, Joule Heating, Charge, and Ionization

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