Copper‐Catalyzed CC Bond Formation via CH Functionalization of N‐Heterocycles

Abstract

The transition metal‐catalyzed CH bond functionalization has been achieved by various catalytic processes, among which copper‐catalyzed reactions have emerged as an environmentally benign and economical alternative. Here, an attempt has been made to collate all the seminal reactions based on CH functionalization to construct CC bond since 2012. This article discusses the evolution of this field from its nascent stages, where strategies for simple activation of sp, sp 2 , and sp 3 CH bonds of pronucleophiles were explored, to the more recent site‐selective reactions. In past decades, many bidentate ligands, for example amino acids, diamines, fused pyridines, oxazolidinones, and amides have transformed the Cu‐catalyzed coupling reactions into a practical and versatile synthetic tool. While the examples have been described with details about reaction conditions, some insight into the mechanistic pathways has also been presented.