We report am ethodt od etect proteins via suppression of rolling circle amplification (RCA) by using an appropriate aptamer as the linear primer (denoted as an aptaprimer) to initiate RCA. In the absence of ap rotein target, the aptaprimer is free to initiate RCA, which can produce long DNA products that are detected via binding of af luorescent intercalating dye. Introduction of at arget causes the primer region within the aptamer to become unavailable for binding to the circulart emplate, inhibiting RCA. Using SYBR Gold or QuantiFluor dyes as fluorescent probest ob ind to the RCA reaction product, it is possible to produce ag eneric protein-modulatedR CA assay system that does not require fluorophore-or biotin-modified DNA species, substantially reducing complexitya nd cost of reagents. Based on this modulation of RCA, we demonstrate the ability to produce both solution and paper-based assays for rapid and quantitative detection of proteins including platelet derived growth factor and thrombin.[a] R.