Copper Bromide Hole Transport Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

We demonstrate that replacing poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with copper bromide (CuBr) as a hole transport layer (HTL) leads to highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The CuBr-based devices showed an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.73% and a maximum PCE of 17.65%. Devices with PEDOT:PSS as the HTL had an average PCE of 10.94%. The active layer films fabricated on CuBr showed larger grain size distribution and improved crystallinity. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy data reveal a favorable valence band alignment of CuBr with MAPbI3. We also found that CuBr-based devices exhibit a large built-in potential of 1.03 V compared to 0.77 V in PEDOT:PSS devices, which favors efficient hole extraction in the former. Compared to PEDOT:PSS, the CuBr-based PSCs also exhibited long-term stability in inert and humid environments.

Tailoring the Hole Transport Layer and Understanding the Impact of Sn Oxidation for Different Mixed Halide Perovskite Active Layers: On a Quest for the Perfect Match

“…For M3, to obtain a higher PCE (approximately 19.6%), a suitable HTL of either a higher bandgap range, i.e., 2.7−3.0 eV, along with the affinity range of 2.25−2.30 eV, is required or the lower bandgap range is 2.5− 2.7 eV, with the affinity range of 2.45−2.65 eV. For M4, to obtain a higher PCE (approximately 19.6%), a suitable HTL of either a higher bandgap range, i.e., 2.7−3.0 eV, along with the affinity range of 2.25−2.30 eV, is required or the lower MoO x , 51 pp-sprio-OMeTAD, 52 pm-sprio-OMeTAD, 52 SGT-407, 52 OMeTPA-FA, 53 CuBr, 54 PTAA, 55 and NPB. 56 Panels a−e of Figure 3 show the energy band diagram (EBD) of PSCs with different active layers: M1, FASnI 3 ; M2, (FASnI 3 ) 0.8 (MAPbI 3 ) 0.2 ; M3, (FASnI 3 ) 0.6 (MAPbI 3 ) 0.4 ; M4, (FASnI 3 ) 0.4 (MAPbI 3 ) 0.6 ; and M5, MAPbI 3 , with TiO 2 as the ETL.…”

“…The pure lead-halide device (M5, MAPbI 3 as an absorber) delivers 19.8% PCE, with the HTL having a bandgap range of 2.9–3.0 eV and affinity range of 2.55–2.65 eV. Some of the potential HTL materials falling in the range of considered electron affinity and bandgap are determined from previous publications and listed as follows: CuCrO 2 , MoO x , pp-sprio-OMeTAD, pm-sprio-OMeTAD, SGT-407, OMeTPA-FA, CuBr, PTAA, and NPB …”

Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalysis: synthesis of larvicidal active geranylacetone derivatives against Culex quinquesfasciatus and molecular docking studies

“…Second, the basis for Schiff could create an intermediary with the complex of the tyrosinase residue. Materials with copper content, such as copper triflate ( Chan et al, 2017 ), copper acetate ( Jin et al, 2022 ), copper bromide ( Javaid et al, 2022 ), and copper nanoparticles ( Ouygang et al, 2022 ), are essential for Mannich base reactions. Many enzymes, including trypsin ( Momeni et al, 2022 ), lipase ( Shomal et al, 2022 ), and proteases ( Heng et al, 2022 ), catalyse the one-pot multicomponent Mannich process.…”

Multi-dynamics and emission tailored fluoroperovskite-based down-conversion phosphors for enhancing the current density and stability of the perovskite solar cells

“…For the commercialization of PSCs, we have to overcome its bottlenecks (i) by replacing the pricey materials in PSCs, (ii) by ameliorating the stability and (iii) by improving the device performance (current density and PCE). [1][2][3] To replace the expensive metal electrode (Au or Ag) and unstable organic hole transport material (Spiro OMeTAD, which is a pricier one), a low-cost conductive carbon electrode was substituted for both. This architecture is called carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSC).…”