“…From H 2 SO 4 impregnation 32 to steam activation, phosphoric acid treatment to AgNPs impregnation, an array of modification techniques have been explored to augment adsorption capacity. A diverse range of natural materials as adsorbents, including hazelnut shells, 32 hulls of Ceiba pentandra , 33 Typha latifolia L., 34 pomelo peels, 35 green vegetable waste, 36 pistachio shells, apricot stone, almond, walnut, 37 grape bagasse, 38 hazelnut husk, 39 lignocellulose, 9 pecan shells, 40 rubber wood sawdust, 41 pinewood sawdust, 42 peanut shells, 43 apricot stone, 44 chestnut shells, and grape seeds 45 were previously utilized. The reported uptake percentages and capacities vary across these studies, with some adsorbents demonstrating high efficiency (>80%) while others exhibit moderate to substantial capacities.…”