Copper and Zinc Levels in Commercial Marine Fish from Setiu, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in edible marine fish have been widely reported from at least 15 different regions or countries in the literature. This evidently demonstrates the importance of monitoring the PTMs in fish fillets from a human health risk (HHR) point of view. This study aims to assess the HHR of Cu and Zn in 19 species of marine fish from popular marine fish loading sites at Setiu in Terengganu, on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, collected between August 2016 and February 2017. With overall ranges of concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cu (1.50–7.83), and Zn (24.1–80.5), the 19 species of marine fishes from Setiu are good sources of these essential elements because they are below the maximum permissible limits set by seafood safety guidelines. The target hazard quotient values of Cu and Zn were lower than one, indicating non-carcinogenic risks of Cu and Zn in fish consumption. It was also found that the calculated values of the estimated weekly intake were below the established provisional tolerable weekly intake of Cu and Zn. It can be concluded that the consumption of fish from Setiu would not pose adverse effects from the PTMs to consumers. Nonetheless, continuous monitoring is necessary to ensure the safety of consumers who rely heavily on marine fish in Setiu coastal waters.

Copper in Commercial Marine Fish: From Biomonitoring to the ESG (Environment, Social, and Governance) Method

“…In 40 fish species, Cu concentrations varied from 0.06-16.9 mg/kg ww (0.72-82.3 mg/kg dw) (Figure 1; Table 1). This Cu range exceeds the 0.29-1.80 mg/kg ww; 1.50-7.83 mg/kg dw were reported for the 19 Setiu commercial fish species from the east coast of the Malaysian Peninsular [29]. The present Cu range (0.06-16.9 mg/kg ww) was significantly below the MPLs proposed by FAO [66] of 20-70 mg/kg ww, MAFF (20 mg/kg ww) [67], and MFR (30 mg/kg ww) [68].…”

“…The common name, scientific name, exact purchase location, and purchase time were recorded in a table. The edible dorsal muscles of all fish samples were dissected for metal analysis as it is the primary storage site for Cu accumulation [29].…”

“…PTM concentrations in fish from various countries have been thoroughly examined: India [22][23][24], Pakistan [14,[25][26][27][28], Malaysia [29], Indonesia [30], the Persian Gulf or Iran [31][32][33][34][35], Bangladesh [36][37][38], Tanzania [39], and others [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Pre-2000 studies provide most monitoring data and direct comparisons to PTM food safety regulations.…”

Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock–Environment–Plant–Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review

“…107 Another report also demonstrated that for marine animals, imported high Cu accumulates in oysters (Crassostrea rivularis), can easily accumulate and transfer abnormal amounts of Cu to the upper trophic levels, and generates health risks for humans. 12 Yap et al 108 also concluded that Cu from marine fish is an important source for human health; the high amount of Cu intake from marine fish might cause health concerns to humans and animals, such as liver and kidney damage. In summary, a high concentration of Cu in water is great harm to all aquatic animals and plants.…”

Correction: Yap, C.K.; Al-Mutairi, K.A. Copper and Zinc Levels in Commercial Marine Fish from Setiu, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Toxics 2022, 10, 52

“…The published article [ 1 ] with the following sentence for Section 1, paragraph 5 of the MS: “Aegean Seas of Turkey [46,47]”. However, it must be noted that the Aegean Sea of Greece for citation 47 must be included.…”