Copper and Iron Determination with [N,N′‐Bis(salicylidene)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediaminato] in Edible Oils Without Digestion

Abstract

A new method for the determination of copper(II) and iron(III) in liquid edible oils which does not require a digestion step was developed. The suggested method involves extraction of metals with [N,N 0 -bis(salicylidene)-2,2 0 -dimethyl-1,3-propanediaminato] (LDM) followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry measurement. As a first step, metal complexes of copper(II) and iron(III) ions with LDM were investigated spectrophotometrically. After the analytical properties and experimental conditions of the complexation had been determined, these findings were used to determine the extraction period as a second step. Experimental conditions were optimized using a central composite design. Optimum conditions for Cu(II) and Fe(III) extractions from oil were found: the ratios of the volume of Schiff base solution used to the mass of oil (V LDM /m oil ; mL g -1 ) were 0.76 and 1.19 mL g -1 , the stirring times were 73 and 67 min, and the temperatures were 31 and 28°C, respectively. The developed extraction and determination method was tested on certified reference materials; the recovery percentages were found to be 99.4 ± 2.8 and 100.2 ± 5.6 for Cu(II) and Fe(III), respectively. The suggested method was performed on real samples such as olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, canola oil and recovery values between 97.2-102.1 for Cu(II) and 94.5-98.6 for Fe(III) were determined. It was concluded that the developed method has some advantages over the common traditional method including rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, reduced risk and cost.

Spectrometric Determination of Copper in Edible Oil Based on the Extraction with N,N′-bis(5-methoxy-salicylidene)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine

“…There have been some researches dealing with the analytical applications with the Schiff bases (Ghaedi et al, 2009;Kara et al, 2009;Köse Baran and Bağdat Yaşar, 2012b;Topuz and Macit, 2011). Analytical methods for the determination of copper (II), iron (III), zinc (II) and nickel (II) in edible oils based on the extraction with a Schiff base have been presented in our previous studies (Köse Baran and Bağdat Yaşar, 2010;2012a;2012b).…”

Metal Determinations in Olive Oil

“…Sample preparation involves acid extraction (Anwar et al, 2004;De Leonardis et al, 2000;Dugo et al, 2004;Jacob & Klevay, 1975), solid phase extraction (SPE) (Batı & Cesur, 2002) or extraction with special agents (Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010).…”

“…Many extraction procedures are available in literature, the summary of these is given in Table 2. The extraction methods used for metal determination in vegetable oils A Schiff base has been suggested for the extraction of metals from oils as an appropriate chelating agent under the optimum extraction conditions (Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010). In recent analytical applications, Schiff bases have been used in order to form complexes due to their good complexing capacity with metals (Afkhami et al, 2009;Ashkenani et al, 2009;Ghaedi et al, 2009;Khedr et al, 2005;Khorrami et al, 2004;Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010;Kurşunlu et al, 2009;Mashhadizadeh et al, 2008;Shamspur et al, 2003;Tantaru et al, 2002;Ziyadanoğulları et al, 2008).…”

“…The extraction methods used for metal determination in vegetable oils A Schiff base has been suggested for the extraction of metals from oils as an appropriate chelating agent under the optimum extraction conditions (Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010). In recent analytical applications, Schiff bases have been used in order to form complexes due to their good complexing capacity with metals (Afkhami et al, 2009;Ashkenani et al, 2009;Ghaedi et al, 2009;Khedr et al, 2005;Khorrami et al, 2004;Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010;Kurşunlu et al, 2009;Mashhadizadeh et al, 2008;Shamspur et al, 2003;Tantaru et al, 2002;Ziyadanoğulları et al, 2008). The chemists have attended to the Schiff bases and their metal complexes because of their widespread applications in biological systems and industrial uses (Issa et al, 2005;İspir, 2009;Kurtaran et al, 2005;Li et al, 2007;Mohamed, 2006;Neelakantan et al, 2008;Prashanthi et al, 2008;Sharaby, 2007).…”

“…The analytical techniques used for metal determinations in oils are both emission and absorption spectrophotometry. ICP-OES (Allen et al, 1998;Angioni et al, 2006 ;Anthedimis et al, 2005;Costa et al, 2001;De Souza et al, 2005;Murillo et al, 1999;Zeiner et al, 2005), FAAS (Batı & Cesur, 2002;Carbonell et al, 1991;Köse Baran & Bağdat Yaşar, 2010;Nunes et al, 2011), ETA-AAS (Karadjova et al, 1998;Kowalewska et al, 1999 ;Zeiner et al, 2005), GFAAS (Allen et al,1998 ;Ansari et al, 2009;Calapaj et al, 1988;Chen et al, 1999;Cindric et al, 2007;De Leonardis et al, 2000;Hendrikse et al, 1988Hendrikse et al, , 1991Lacoste et al, 1999;Martin-Polvillo et al, 1994 ;Matos Reyes & Campos, 2006;Mendil et al, 2009;Nash et al, 1983;Van Dalen, 1996), and ICP-MS (Benincasa et al, 2007 ;Bettinelli et al, 1995;Llorent-Martinez et al, 2011a, 2011bPereira et al, 2010;Wondimu et al, 2000) are the most commonly used techniques for the determination of metal contents in oils (Duyck et al, 2007).…”