Copper Alloys, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloys

Abstract

The mechanical and physical properties of wrought copper and wrought copper alloys are surveyed according to alloy composition and the temper to which the alloys are processed. Properties important for manufacturing include: formability, bending, drawing, and its analysis; springback; joining, welding, brazing, and soldering; resistances to softening and hydrogen embrittlement; and machinability. Properties relating to performance of manufactured products are strength, electrical and thermal conductivities, solderability, and resistances to stress relaxation, fatigue failure, and corrosion. Alloy designations are defined and tensile properties of alloys within the several compositional groups are provided. Wrought copper (93.3% minimum copper); the high coppers (no less than 96% copper); zinc and tin brasses; tin, aluminum, and silicon bronzes; specially modified copper‐zinc alloys; copper nickels; and nickel silvers are discussed together with the several commercially available precipitation hardenable alloys that are distributed among the compositional groupings. Selected applications and the relative pricing of commercial alloys are given.

Spectroscopical Characterization of Copper–Iron (Cu-Fe) Alloy Plasma Using LIBS, ICP-AES, and EDX

“…Iron, however, is corrosive because it oxidizes to generate rust when exposed to oxygen and water. Iron may boost the tensile strength and corrosion resistance of copper alloys without affecting their inherent conductivity, which is one of the key advantages of adding iron to copper alloys [3][4][5]. High tensile strength and thermal conductivity, resistance to corrosion, and high electrical conductivity are all features of copper-iron (Cu-Fe) master alloys [6].…”