Copolymers of long-side-chain di-n-alkyl itaconates or methyl n-alkyl itaconates with styrene: synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties

López‐Carrasquero, Francisco; Rangel-Rangel, Elizabeth; Cárdenas, Mayrin; Torres, Carlos; Dugarte, Nahir; Laredo, E.

doi:10.1007/s00289-012-0788-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To impart a wider array of properties, itaconic acid derivatives such as poly(dialkyl itaconate)s have provided flexibility in blends or in statistical or block copolymers. For example, di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI) can impart lower glass transition temperatures in copolymers and consequently similar related dialkyl itaconates have been polymerized via conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) [2,11,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and more recently via reversible de-activation radical polymerization (RDRP), also known as controlled radical polymerization (CRP), specifically reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) [32,33] and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [34,35]. In one case, NMP has been reported using TEMPO-based initiators but no molecular weight distributions were provided, ascribed to the styrene/DBI copolymers adsorbing onto the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) columns [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide-Mediated Copolymerization of Itaconate Esters with Styrene

et al. 2019

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Replacing petro-based materials with renewably sourced ones has clearly been applied to polymers, such as those derived from itaconic acid (IA) and its derivatives. Di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI) was (co)polymerized via nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) to impart elastomeric (rubber) properties. Homopolymerization of DBI by NMP was not possible, due to a stable adduct being formed. However, DBI/styrene (S) copolymerization by NMP at various initial molar feed compositions fDBI,0 was polymerizable at different reaction temperatures (70–110 °C) in 1,4 dioxane solution. DBI/S copolymerizations largely obeyed first order kinetics for initial DBI compositions of 10% to 80%. Number-average molecular weight (Mn) versus conversion for various DBI/S copolymerizations however showed significant deviations from the theoretical Mn as a result of chain transfer reactions (that are more likely to occur at high temperatures) and/or the poor reactivity of DBI via an NMP mechanism. In order to suppress possible intramolecular chain transfer reactions, the copolymerization was performed at 70 °C and for a longer time (72 h) with fDBI,0 = 50%–80%, and some slight improvements regarding the dispersity (Ð = 1.3–1.5), chain activity and conversion (~50%) were observed for the less DBI-rich compositions. The statistical copolymers produced showed a depression in Tg relative to poly(styrene) homopolymer, indicating the effect of DBI incorporation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide-Mediated Copolymerization of Itaconate Esters with Styrene

et al. 2019

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“…There are only a few PPCMs available, however. The fabrication, structure and properties of a series of comb-like polymers with crystallize able side chains have been investigated for decades [10][11][12][13][14]. However, these polymers are seldom used as polymeric phase change materials (PPCMs) because the temperature range between the melting and crystallization temperature for some PPCMs is too high or the enthalpy too low to be applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Ethylene Glycol Hexadecyl Vinyl Ether) and its Nanofiber with Poly(Acrylonitrile-covinylidene Chloride)

Chen¹,

Pei²,

Li³

et al. 2017

dteees

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Ethyleneglycol hexadecyl vinyl ether (C 16 E 1 VE) as a phase change material was fabricated using ethylene glycol monovinyl ethersodium and bromohexadecane as raw materials through sodium alkoxide method. Poly(ethylene glycol hexadecyl vinyl ether)(PC 16 E 1 VE) was synthesized by living cationic polymerization. The molecular weight and its distribution were characterized using gel permeation chromatography. Sheath/core polymeric nanofibers were coaxially electro-spun using it as the core material, and poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) as a sheath. The composition, phase change properties, thermal stability of C 16 E 1 VE, PC 16 E 1 VE and the surface morphology of the fibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electronic microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results show that, C 16 E 1 VE, PC 16 E 1 VE and the nanofiber are excellent phase change materials with steady structure, high heat enthalpy and thermal stability. Both the melting and crystallizing enthalpies of PC 16 E 1 VE are about 84 J/g. The peak melting temperature and crystallizing temperature are 27.5 and 17. 1 widely used as a polymeric phase change material in high temperature environments. When the concentration of the P(AN-co-VDC) aqueous solution and PC 16 E 1 VE sheath and core spinning solutions were 15 wt%, 60 wt% and spun at flow rates of 1.25 mL/h, 0.375 mL/h, respectively. The fibers show uniform diameters and stable sheath/core structures. Both the melting and crystallizing enthalpies of the nanofibers are about 46 J/g. The peak melting temperature and crystallizing temperature are 34.7 and 23.5 o C, respectively. It is a heat energy storage material with excellent properties.

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“…The fabrication, structure and properties of a series of comb-like polymers with crystallizable side chains have been investigated for decades. 12–16 However, these polymers are seldom used as polymeric phase change materials (PPCMs) because the temperature range between the melting and crystallization temperature for some PPCMs is too high or the enthalpy too low to be applied. 17 In other words, the polymers are typically not desirable energy-storage materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermo-regulated sheath/core submicron fiber with poly(diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether acrylate) as a core

Zhang

Shi

Meng

2015

Textile Research Journal

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Side-chain crystallizable comb-like polymers can be used as polymeric thermal energy-storage materials. Diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether acrylate (C16E2AA) was synthesized with sodium alkoxide using diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (C16E2) and acryloyl chloride as reactants. C16E2AA was prepared by free radical polymerization to form a comb-like polymeric phase change material, poly(diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether acrylate) (PC16E2AA). A series of sheath/core composite submicron fibers were coaxially electrospun using PC16E2AA as the core and poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) as the sheath. Results indicate that C16E2AA and PC16E2AA were synthesized in high yield. The average molecular weight and polydispersity index of PC16E2AA were 29,800 g/mol and 3.17, respectively. PC16E2AA melted at 33.8 C and crystallized at 25.8 C. The melting and crystallization enthalpy for PC16E2AA were 90 and 85 J/g, respectively. PC16E2AA was thermally stable below 326 C. Coaxial submicron fibers with smooth surface and average diameter ranging from 341 to 371 nm were electrospun. The optimum feed rate of the sheath and core components for fabricating thermo-regulated submicron fibers with high enthalpies were 0.125 and 0.375 mL/h, respectively. The fibers can absorb 50 J/g at approximately 37 C and release 48 J/g of heat at approximately 32 C.Phase change materials (PCMs) are reusable energystorage materials that can absorb significant amounts of energy as latent heat and release it into the surroundings during a solid-liquid or solid-solid phase change over a defined temperature range. 1 PCMs have been used for energy-saving buildings, 2,3 solar energy storage, 4 waste heat recycling, 5 both smart fibers and fabrics 6,7 and garment cooling. 8 The research on traditional solid-liquid organic PCMs (such as paraffin waxes, fatty alcohols and aliphatic polyesters) has attracted increasing attention. 1 However, severe supercooling and leakage into the surrounding environment during solid-liquid transitions limit their practical application. 6,9 PCMs can be encapsulated to obtain microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) or nanoencapsulated phase change materials (nanoPCMs) that remain in the solid state forever. Leakage of PCMs during the phase change process can be decreased when polymers such as polyethylene glycol, aliphatic polyesters and block copolymers 10,11 are used as PCMs. However, few materials that satisfy the demands are available. The fabrication, structure and properties of a series of comb-like polymers with crystallizable side chains have been investigated for decades. 12-16 However, these polymers are seldom used as polymeric phase change materials (PPCMs) because the temperature range between the melting and crystallization temperature for some PPCMs is too high or the enthalpy too low to be Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber,

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Copolymers of long-side-chain di-n-alkyl itaconates or methyl n-alkyl itaconates with styrene: synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Nitroxide-Mediated Copolymerization of Itaconate Esters with Styrene

Nitroxide-Mediated Copolymerization of Itaconate Esters with Styrene

Poly(Ethylene Glycol Hexadecyl Vinyl Ether) and its Nanofiber with Poly(Acrylonitrile-covinylidene Chloride)

Thermo-regulated sheath/core submicron fiber with poly(diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether acrylate) as a core

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