Copolymers of carbazoles and methyl ethyl ketone formaldehyde resin

Ustamehmetoğlu, Belkıs; Akar, Ahmet; Kızılcan, Nilgün; Kelleboz, Eda

doi:10.1108/03699421211192253

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Aromatic amine and benzene ring stretching peaks were observed at 1260–1200 cm −1[61] and 1600–1450 cm −1[62] in PCz‐U and PCz‐P, respectively. The peak at 1329 cm −1 corresponds to the −N−O stretching of the nitro group for CAN which is a dopant in the polymer chain [63] …”

Section: Ftir Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak at 1329 cm À 1 corresponds to the À NÀ O stretching of the nitro group for CAN which is a dopant in the polymer chain. [63] FTIR spectra of PCz-MS and PCz-US were also obtained for comparison and the results are given in Figure 3b. The presence of similar characteristic peaks of PCz observed at 720-750 cm À 1 , 800-880 cm À 1 , 1260-1200 cm À 1 [61] and 1600-1450 cm À 1 , [62] 1329 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum of PCz-US and PCz-MS supports the formation of polymer.…”

Section: Comparison Ftir Results Of Cz and Pcz-umentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound and Pressure Assisted Solid‐State Polymerization of Carbazole

2023

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This study was carried out with the aim of obtaining polycarbazole (PCz) with solid-state polymerization by using ultrasound and pressure assisted methods. For ultrasoundassisted method (U), first, the optimum carbazole (Cz) and cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) amounts, polymerization time, ultrasound application conditions were determined and then the polymers that are called "PCz-U#" were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscobe (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-point prop conductivity measurements. The effect of the applied pressing time during preparation of pellet on the conductivity of PCz-U was also investigated. Pressureassisted polymerization (P) was carried out at these optimum conditions and the resulting polymer was called "PCz-P#".In order to understand the advantage of the ultrasound and pressure assisted methods, conventional polymerization in a solution was also performed at the optimum concentrations of Cz and CAN and the properties of PCz's obtained from three different methods were compared. The conductivities of PCz's obtained in a very short time such as one minute with the ultrasound and pressure assisted methods are at the same level as the conductivity of the polymer (∼ 10 À 4 S/cm) obtained by the solution method in 20 minutes using 16 and 35.6 times higher amounds of Cz and CAN, respectively. With this study, two new methods for PCz synthesis have been proposed, which are suitable for VOC limitation as no solvent is used in and environmentally friendly because less chemicals are used.

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Section: Ftir Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Ftir Results Of Cz and Pcz-umentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound and Pressure Assisted Solid‐State Polymerization of Carbazole

2023

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“…Cz-MEKFR copolymers were produced in a number of different methods. MEKFR ceric ammonium nitrate redox system was used to produce the soluble conductive copolymers of MEKFR with PCz, PNVCz and PECz (Ustamehmeto glu et al, 2012). Electroinduced Ce (IV)-MEKFR redox system was used to produce nonconductive PNVz-MEKFR copolymer (the copolymer 1) (Ustamehmetoglu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of copolymers of N-vinyl carbazole and methyl ethyl ketone formaldehyde resin

Ustamehmetoğlu

Köken

Kızılcan

et al. 2020

PRT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce non-conductive copolymers of N-vinyl carbazole (NVCz) and methyl ethyl ketone formaldehyde resin (MEKFR) by the electroinduced Ce (IV) polymerization method and the electrochemical oxidization of the formed copolymer to produce their conductive green form. The non-conductive and conductive copolymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared, solid-state conductivity and spectroelectrochemical, chronoamperometric, cyclovoltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. Design/methodology/approach The chronoamperometric electropolymerization of white, insulator form of the copolymer of NVCz and MEKFR (copolymer 1) on to Pt electrode was carried out and the green coloured film of the MEKFR-ox-NVCz copolymer (copolymer 11) was produced in the doped and conductive form. All reactions were performed in dichloromethane containing 0.1 M BU4NClO4. Copolymer 11 films obtained on the surface of the working electrode were removed and washed in acetonitrile and dried at room temperature before characterization. The results were compared with the copolymer obtained by electrochemical oxidation of MEKF-R and NVCz (copolymer 2). Findings The insulating copolymer of NVCz and MEKFR (copolymer 1) was produced by the electroinduced Ce (IV) polymerization method and converted into the conductive form electrochemically on the surface of the Pt electrode (copolymer 11). The polymers were characterized by electrochemical, spectrophotometric and conductivity measurements. The ionization potentials, optical band gap, peak potentials Ep, doping degree and specific capacitance of the copolymer 11 were obtained. The conductivity of the copolymer 11 is lower than the PNVCz and higher than the copolymer obtained by electrochemical oxidation of MEKF-R and NVCz (copolymer 2). The copolymer 11 has a lower onset potential than PNVCz and the copolymer 1 and slightly higher band gap than PNVCz. The capacitive behaviours of the copolymer 11 were very close to PNVCz. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on obtaining a green and conductive form of the copolymer of NVCz and MEKFR with the electrochemical method by using a white and insulator form of the same copolymer. Practical implications This work provides technical information for the synthesis of conducting copolymer of NVCz and MEKFR. Social implications These copolymers may be in the field of PNVCz applications such as photoconductivity and corrosion inhibition. Originality/value Electroinduced Ce (IV) MEKFR redox system was applied for the polymerization of NVCz monomer to produce the copolymer 1. The conductive copolymer 11 was synthesized through electrochemical oxidative coupling of the carbazole groups of the copolymer 1.

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“…Copolymers of ketonic resins have been the subject of recent research, as ketonic resin segments improve adhesion, solubility, gloss and light stability of parent polymers. These copolymers have been synthesised via condensation polymerisation (Uyanık et al, 1991(Uyanık et al, , 1998(Uyanık et al, and 2001Kızılcan and Koşar, 2012), free radical polymerisation [ (Kızılcan, 1999), redox polymerisation (Ustamehmetoglu et al, 2001 and2004;Kızılcan and Ustamehmetoglu, 2005;Kızılcan et al, 2011;Ustamehmetoglu et al, 2012], promoted cationic polymerisation routes (Ergun et al, 2007) and atom transfer radical polymerisation (Çanak et al, 2011 and 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New comonomer synthesis from thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin

Ateş

Kızılcan

İstif

2015

Pigment &Amp; Resin Technology

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesise an electro-active monomer containing ketonic resins and then to investigate the redox reaction between Fe+3 and bound thiophene in comonomer. First, thiophene-functionalised ketonic resins were synthesised by esterification reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR). Thiophene-containing cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (Th-CFR) was then polymerised by ferric salt. The structures of the specimens were characterised by means of Fourier transform infrared and Proton – Nuclear Magnetic Resonanse (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the samples were determined with differential scanning calorimeter. Molecular weights of the specimens were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The obtained samples were also characterised morphologically by scanning electron microscope. Design/methodology/approach – Synthesis of Th-CFR comonomers by a combination of condensation polymerization and chemical oxidation polymerisation processes is described. First, Th-CFR units were prepared by direct condensation reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of CFR. Then, the chemical oxidation (CO) of Th-CFR in the presence of anhydrous iron (III) chloride salt (FeCl3) was performed in chloroform (CHCl3)/acetonitrile mixture solutions at room temperature. Findings – The important structural factor determined quantitatively for Th-CFR is the CFR/ThCCl ratio after reaction. The effect of the mole ratio effect of ThCCl and ketonic resin on the solubility, molecular weight, Tm and Tg values of the comonomers (Th-CFRs) were investigated. Research limitations/implications – The ferric ion (Fe+3) has a standard oxidation potential. Furthermore, FeCl3 can react with thiophene to produce a cation radical. FeCl3 cannot react with hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. When ferric is used for in situ chemical oxidation application at relatively low temperatures (e.g. < 20°C), the oxidation reactions are usually less aggressive. Practical implications – This work provides technical information for the synthesis of conducting block copolymer and for the synthesis of chain-extended resins. The modified resins contain electro-active monomer as thiophene. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene groups and resins with much higher molecular weight might be produced. These resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Social implications – This will be used for the preparation of AB- and ABA-type block copolymers. These block copolymers may exhibit different properties due to incorporation of monomer into the block copolymer structure. Originality/value – Novel Th-CFR comonomers were synthesised. These comonomers have higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) value than CFR alone. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene-functionalised ketonic resins.

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Copolymers of carbazoles and methyl ethyl ketone formaldehyde resin

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Ultrasound and Pressure Assisted Solid‐State Polymerization of Carbazole

Ultrasound and Pressure Assisted Solid‐State Polymerization of Carbazole

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of copolymers of N-vinyl carbazole and methyl ethyl ketone formaldehyde resin

New comonomer synthesis from thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin

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