Copolymerization theory of the vulcanization of rubber. VI. Hydrogen sulfide effects and some self‐limiting features

Craig, D. P.; Juve, A. E.; Davidson, W.; Semon, W. L.; Hay, David C.

doi:10.1002/pol.1952.120080306

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The compounded matter was compression molded for 35 min at 140 C under pressure of 100 kg/cm 2 , [40,41] to get a square sheet of 15 Â 15 Â 0.3-cm size. The compounded matter was compression molded for 35 min at 140 C under pressure of 100 kg/cm 2 , [40,41] to get a square sheet of 15 Â 15 Â 0.3-cm size.…”

Section: Compounding and Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Economical Filler for Elastomer Composites

Hundiwale

Kapadi

Desai

et al. 2004

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Incorporation of fillers in elastomers results in a profound effect on mechanical properties of the composites formed. Significant study has been carried out on this topic. Fillers are customarily classified into organic and inorganic. The latter class includes calcium carbonate, talc, barium sulphate, china clay (kaolin), magnesium oxide, alumina, silica, etc. Flyash, a waste product of thermal power stations contains inorganic oxides, hence, it was thought that it could be used as filler for elastomers. Flyash is generated in huge quantities ORDER REPRINTS a filler in elastomer (polybutadiene rubber). The composites were prepared with various percentages of flyash and were subjected to testing for mechanical properties. The results were compared with the composites containing conventional fillers, i.e., calcium carbonate and talc. The results indicated that flyash could be used as a filler or as a supporting filler. The relevance of this study could help in solving the problem of disposal of flyash and, at the same time, the polymer industry will benefit by identifying an economical filler.

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Section: Compounding and Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Economical Filler for Elastomer Composites

Hundiwale

Kapadi

Desai

et al. 2004

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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“…As one example, the presence of quiñones might be expected to alter the concentration of hydrogen sulfide present during vulcanization. This has been shown to be of considerable importance by Craig and his associates (6), Bloomfield and Naylor (4, 5, IS), Fisher (7), and many others. The variety of reagents that react with quiñones unfolds a number of avenues for speculation and experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Oxygen-Containing Groups on the Surface of Carbon Black

Studebaker¹,

Huffman²,

Wolfe³

et al. 1956

Ind. Eng. Chem.

142

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“…Furthermore some of the reaction product of ZnDMDC, propylene, and hydrogen sulfide in the presence of sulfur may be nonvolatile and appear in the residue, as it also seems to do in column 3 of the numerical data in table 3 . Many workers have suggested a variety of ways in which hydrogen sulfide could play a part in vulcanization [ 7 – 9 , 11 , 13 – 15 , 18 – 21 , 23 – 28 , 30 – 41 , 48 – 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and accelerators with propylene and butadiene

Linnig¹,

Parks²,

Wall³

1961

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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As part of a stud y o f vulcani zat ion, propylene as a model compound for natural r ubber has been reacted with sulfur alo ne, with hydrogen sulfide alone, a nd with each of t hese materials in t he prese nce of certain accelerators. Butadiene as a model compound for intermediate conj ugated systems found in vulca ni7-ed rubber by mea ns of infra red st udies has been similarly st udied. R esults of mass spectrometer analyses of t he volatile portions of t he reaction products indicate the formation of s ulfides, dis ulfides, and carbon-t o-carbon bon ds. Zin c dimethyl dithiocarbamat e (ZnDMDC), a vulcanization accelerator, faci litates t he formation of hydrogen sulfide from the olefin or diolefin in the prese nce of s u lfur, and in t urn promotes the reaction of h yd roge n sulfide with the olefin and diolefin. The ZnDMDC-accelerated r eaction of hydroge n s ulfide and s ulfur with the diolefin mav account for the reduced conj ugation observed in vulcanizates accelerated with ZnD MUC. Studi es with fr ee ra dical a ccelerators show that a m echani s m other than a free radical chain mechanism is invol ved in the formation of diisopropyl sulfide in the reaction of propyle ne with s ulfu r (or hydroD'en sulfidc) a nd certa in substances t hat facilitate t he reactions. The s ame co nclusion applies to the formation of a nonvolatile residu e in t he ZnD MDC-accelerated rea ction betwee n propyle ne a nd s ulfur. Other p hases of the reactions involve the format io ll of compounds from what ap pear to be f ree radical fragm ents of the origin al m olecule. In mos t of t he r eactions, appreciable portions of the reaction products are nonvolat ile.

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Copolymerization theory of the vulcanization of rubber. VI. Hydrogen sulfide effects and some self‐limiting features

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

New Economical Filler for Elastomer Composites

New Economical Filler for Elastomer Composites

Oxygen-Containing Groups on the Surface of Carbon Black

Reaction of sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and accelerators with propylene and butadiene

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