Copolymerization of 5-vinyltetrazole with N-vinyllactams and properties of the copolymers

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a comprehensive review on a thermoresponsive polymer becoming popular

“…The gradual feeding polymerization strategy has been adopted in a few occasions to control composition drift in the copolymerization [61,68,73]; however, in most reports a traditional batch methods are used.…”

“…Kizhnyaev et al [67,68] prepared and studied properties of the resulting copolymers of 5-vinyltetrazole (VT) and 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MVT) with NVCL. It is known that complexation between comonomers affects the structure of the resulting polymers.…”

“…To further modulate the features of PNVCL aqueous solutions, PNVCL has been modified via copolymerization with a variety of monomers: 1-vinylimidazole (VIm) [51][52][53][54], 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole (VMI) [55], N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) [14,20,29,[56][57][58], methacrylic acid (MAA) [19,59,60], Acrylic acid (AA) [50], 2-methacryloiloxybenzoic acid (2MBA) [19], sodium acrylate (SA) [61], N-acryloylsuccinimide (NASI) [62], nbutylacrylate (BA) [14,62], N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) [63,64], N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) [19], methyl methacrylate (MMA) [47,65], vinyl acetate (VAc) [66], N-vinyl pivalate (NVPi) [66], 5-vinyltetrazole (VT) [67,68], 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MVT) [67], N-t-Boc-tryptophanamido-N'-methacryl thioureas (TrpAMT) [14], glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [69], N-vinyl-N-acetate (VAc) [70], N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide (NVMA) [66,70], n-hexyl acrylate (HA) [19], acryloyl chloride (AC) [71], maleic acid (MA) [72], N-(t-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl)methacrylamide (t-BOCAPMA) [73], and alkyl acrylate derivations labeled with pyrene or naphthalene, as well as via grafting with PEO as an effective stabilizing agent …”

“…From the point of view of the synthetic methodology, free-radical copolymerization of NVCL in solution was performed in different solvents, such as p-dioxane [19,63,69,73], ethanol [51,54,[65][66][67][68], isopropanol [50,51,57], DMF [14,50,51,64], water [60,72], ethyl acetate [70], in mixtures of isopropanol and water [48], of DMSO and water [59], and in an emulsion of oil in water [47]. While the most widely used initiator was 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) [14,50,53,62,70,73], other initiators were also reported:…”

The Missing Lactam-Thermoresponsive and Biocompatible Poly(N-vinylpiperidone) Polymers by Xanthate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization

“…Indeed in 2010, the first report of the copolymerization of the 6-membered ring monomer using free radical polymerization was reported. 46 It is proposed that these new N-vinylpiperidone polymers would display intermediate LCST/cloud point values and also analogous biocompatibility as the previously reported PVP and PVCap and hence find application in biomedical and materials applications. In this paper, we describe for the first time the controlled homopolymerization of N-vinylpiperidone using MA-DIX/RAFT polymerization with a xanthate as a chain-transfer agent.…”