“…Electrical requirements for these mobile antennas are sufficient bandwidth, high efficiency, impedance matching, omni-directional radiation patterns, and minimum degradation by the presence of near objects, etc. In general, the size miniaturization of the normal MPA has been accomplished by loading [6,[19][20][21], which can take various forms, namely, 1) Use of high dielectric constant substrates or superstrata; 2) Modification of the basic patch shapes; 3) Use of short circuits, shorting-pins or shorting-posts; and 4) A combination of the above techniques.…”