Coping with Resistance to Plant Disease

Delp, Charles J.

doi:10.1094/pd-64-652

Cited by 136 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Possibly the fact that the O-Ps used to control this pest are usually combined with oils may be a contributing factor to its lack of resistance. other diseases by using fungicides which attack multiple sites of action (e.g., maneb, captan) in combination with a specific site toxicant (e.g., benonyl) (Jones, 1977;Delp, 1980). The case of the tentiform leafminer seems to contradict the ecological resistance generalizations made above.…”

Section: Susceptibility Values (Ld:o) For Strains Of the Codling Mothmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Croft

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Cases of developed resistance in apple arthropods in North America, including pests and natural enemies, are reviewed with emphasis on the past 20 years since organophosphate (O-P) insecticides were first widely employed. During this period, no key pest, including the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., has developed resistance to the O-P compound, azinphosmethyl, while a variety of secondary pests including mites, aphids, leafhopper and leafminers, have done so as well as several important natural enemies of these species. The extensive features of DDT, O-P, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the predatory mites Tyhplodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) are described. Also discussed is the impact of long-term O-P use and resistance in relation to pest problems, insecticide selectivity and IPM, increased biological control, changing requirements for new chemical insecticides and possibilities for "'resistance management" within the entire arthropod pest natural enemy complex associated with this crop.

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Section: Susceptibility Values (Ld:o) For Strains Of the Codling Mothmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod Resistance to Insecticides: A Key to Pest Control Failures and Successes in North American Apple Orchards

Croft

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Fungicide mixtures using products with différent modes of action hâve also been suggested as a means to reduce the risk of fungal résistance development (Delp 1980;Jones 1981;Koller and Scheinpflug 1987;Scheinpflug 1988;Staub and Sozzi 1984). A mixture containing a SBI fungicide and a broad-spectrum protectant would also provide good eradicant and protectant capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field comparison of sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides used alone and in combination with protectant fungicides for apple scab control

Warner

2005

phyto

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Nous avons évalué plusieurs fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse des stérols (IBS) seuls ou combinés avec des matériaux de protection à large spectre d'action lors d'essais au champ contre le Venturia inaequalis. Lorsqu'utilisés dans un programme de vaporisation de 10 jours, les fongicides IBS, utilisés seuls ou en combinaison, ont permis une meilleure répression de la tavelure de la pomme, comparativement au matériel de protection utilisé seul. Avec le bitertanol, le diniconazole et le penconazole, le mélange a aussi procuré une meilleure répression de la tavelure que lorsque les fongicides IBS étaient utilisés seuls. Cependant, avec le flusilazole et le myclobutanil, aucune amélioration de la répression de la tavelure ne s'est produite comparativement au fongicide IBS utilisé seul. Nous avons observé le roussissement des fruits après une application post-floraison d'hexaconazole et des effets régulateurs de croissance sur le feuillage suite à l'utilisation de cyproconazole et d'hexaconazole. Nous discutons de l'utilisation des fongicides IBS en mélange afin d'éviter le développement de résistance par le champignon.Several sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting (SBI) fungicides were tested alone and in combination with a broad-spectrum protectant material in field trials for control of Venturia inaequalis. When used in a 10-day spray schedule, SBI fungicides, whether used alone or in a mixture, provided improved scab control as compared to the protectant material used alone. With bitertanol, diniconazole, and penconazole, the mixture also provided better scab control than when the SBI fungicide was used alone. However, with flusilazole and myclobutanil, no improvement in disease control occurred with the mixture as compared to the SBI fungicide alone. Fruit russeting was observed after a post-bloom application of hexaconazole and growth-regulating effects on the foliage were observed following cyproconazole and hexaconazole use. The use of SBI fungicides in mixtures to avoid or delay the development of fungus resistance is discussed

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“…As mentioned earlier, such an approach has been largely unsuccessful because once disease symptoms are seen, seedling roots are often completely colonized with pathogenic fungi. In general, most fungicides are more effective in preventing infection than curing infected seedlings (Delp 1980). Although fungicides may be effective during the damping-off phase, they are usually ineffective later in the growth cycle when seedlings are several months old (James and others 1988c).…”

Section: Minimize Chemical Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another potential problem from fungicide usage is development of resistance to specific chemicals by pathogenic fungi (Dekker 1976;Delp 1980). Resistance has been demonstrated for several plant pathogenic fungi, especially those subjected to consistently high doses of a specific fungicide.…”

Section: Minimize Chemical Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%