Coping with cover crop competition in mature grapevines

Klodd, Annie; Eissenstat, David M.; Wolf, Tony K.; Centinari, Michela

doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2748-2

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The application of BPM combined with a cover crop was more efficient than BPM alone in terms of increasing the apple yield, WUEg, and WUE, although the increase in WUE was not obvious during 2015 ( Table 1 ). However, previous studies in a vineyard [ 17 , 18 , 37 ], apricot orchard [ 36 ], red birch nursery [ 38 ], and apple orchard [ 39 ] found that the application of a cover crop could affect tree growth and the fruit yield via water competition, which contrasted with our results. This difference may be explained by the lack of competition for water between the cover crop and apple trees in our experiment, as explained above.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we hypothesized that the combination of BPM with a cover crop might be more effective at decreasing evaporation than the application of BPM (in-row) alone with bare soil (inter-row) if the cover crop performed well and apple tree growth was not influenced by competition for water with the cover crop. Many studies have investigated the separate effects of BPM or a cover crop on the water regimes in fruit orchards [ 1 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], but few data are available regarding the combined effect of BPM and a cover crop on water conservation in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau. In addition, it is unclear whether the competition for water between cover crops and apple trees might be mitigated by adjusting the sowing time of the cover crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black plastic mulch combined with summer cover crop increases the yield and water use efficiency of apple tree on the rainfed Loess Plateau

et al. 2017

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Water deficit significantly limits dryland rainfed fruit production, so increasing water conservation is crucial for improving fruit productivity in arid and semiarid areas. In this study, we tested two treatments in an apple orchard: 1) PC treatment comprising black plastic mulch (BPM) (in-row) with weed control (inter-row); 2) and PGC treatment comprising BPM (in-row) combined with a summer cover crop (inter-row) of rape (Brassica campestris L.), which was sown in mid-June and was living from July to September. Under PGC, the inter-row soil water storage increased by 17.9% and 11.5% compared with PC after the harvest in 2013 and 2014, respectively, but there was no significant increase in 2015. The evapotranspiration (ET) from the inter-row areas during the cover crop period was lower under PGC than PC in 2013 (19.6%), 2014 (11.3%), and 2015 (13.3%). However, the differences in the total ET from the inter-row areas between the two treatments were not obvious, and the total ET from in-row areas was higher under PGC than PC due to the increased water uptake by apple trees under PGC. The apple yield, water use efficiency during the cover crop period (WUEg) and total water use efficiency (WUE) fluctuated during the experimental years. Compared with PC, the apple yield increased by 14.1%, 18.8%, and 26.7% under PGC in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. In addition, the WUEg was 26.4%, 24.7%, and 32.7% higher under PGC compared with PC in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Thus, the WUE under PGC was 13.8% and 11.7% higher than that under PC in 2013 and 2014, respectively, but the difference was not significant in 2015 (p = 0.0527). Thus, BPM combined with a summer cover crop is recommended for decreasing the summer ET and promoting apple production in rainfed dryland areas where the rainy season is usually the hot season.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black plastic mulch combined with summer cover crop increases the yield and water use efficiency of apple tree on the rainfed Loess Plateau

et al. 2017

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“…58 In dry soil conditions, vines can access water from the layers deeper than 90 cm 59 ; thus the acclimation is easier for well-established vines. 60 Even if the Bra treatment caused topsoil moisture shortages, other positive aspects may also be taken into account. The effect of a permanent Bra cover crop treatment on SOC content was significant over time.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Permanent Soil Cover on Water Dynamics and Wine Characteristics in a Steep Vineyard in the Central Spain

Marques

Ruíz-Colmenero²,

Bienes³

et al. 2020

Air, Soil and Water Research

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The study of alternative soil managements to tillage, based on the evidence of climate change in the Mediterranean basin, is of great importance. Summer and autumn are critical seasons for soil degradation due to the high-intensity, short-duration storms. Vineyards are vulnerable, especially on steep slopes. The particular effects of storms over the years under different soil conditions due to different management practices are not frequently addressed in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the differences between runoff and soil moisture patterns influenced by 2 treatments: traditional tillage (Till) and a permanent cover crop. A shallow-rooted grass species Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. with considerable density coverage was selected as cover crop. This annual species was seeded once in the first year and then allowed to self-seed the following years. Tillage was performed at least twice in spring to a 10- to 15-cm depth and once in late autumn at a depth of 20 to 35 cm. Rainfall simulation experiments were performed, 1 year after treatments, using high-intensity rainfall on closed plots of 2 m2, located in the middle strips of the vineyard with different treatments. The effects of simulated rainfall experiments were determined in 3 different moments of the growth cycle of cultivar: (1) in summer with dry soils, (2) in early autumn with moderate soil moisture, and (3) in autumn with wet soils. During the 2-year trial, the soil moisture level in the soil upper layer (0-10 cm) was higher for Till treatment (14.1% ± 2.4%) compared with that for cover crop treatment (12.3% ± 2.0%). However, soil moisture values were more similar between treatments at 35 cm depth (12% ± 1%), with the exception of spring and autumn; in spring, water consumption in the cover crop treatment was the highest, and the moisture level at 35 cm depth was reduced (12%) compared with that for Till treatment (13%). In autumn, in cover crop treatment, higher water infiltration rate in soils led to higher soil moisture content at 35 cm (11%) compared with that of Till treatment (10%). The effects of simulated rainfall experiments on runoff and infiltration under different soil conditions and management practices vary seasonally. Runoff was significantly higher in summer for cover crop treatment (11%) as compared with that for Till management (1%), but significantly lower (3%) with wetter soils than for Till treatment (22%) in autumn. Thus, the simulation experiments with wet soils using cover crops produced higher infiltration rates and, consequently, the higher soil moisture content in the following days. The difference between seasons is attributed to the greater porosity of soil under Till treatment in summer, which resulted from the shallow plowing (10-15 cm depth), carried out to reduce moisture competition between weeds. The effect of traditional spring plowing was short-lived. The infiltration of water increased by cover crop treatment as compared with tillage in autumn both before and after ripping. Management practices did not influence wine parameters, as no significant differences were found between wine organoleptic characteristics in the duo-trio wine tastings, similarly, no differences were found for alcoholic degree, acidity, reduced sugars, and pH; however, a trend for a positive increase in polyphenol contents was noticed. Therefore, properly managed to avoid water shortages, cover crops can be recommended for soil protection in semi-arid environments.

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“…− and NH 4 + ) to the roots (Craine et al, 2015). In addition, the root is a carbohydrate reserve organ, which can be used to withstand stress conditions or be redistributed along with nutrients (e.g., N) to growing organs (Centinari et al, 2016;Hoekstra et al, 2015;Klodd et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and kinetic parameters of the uptake of nitrogen forms in clonal peach rootstocks

Paula

Marques

Rodrigues

et al. 2018

Scientia Horticulturae

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Peach (Prunus persica L.) rootstock cultivars are typically selected for scion compatibility, ease of propagation, vigor, development, flowering season, yield, low need for cold temperatures, resistance to diseases, effects on the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruit, plant longevity and adaptation to adverse edaphoclimatic conditions. However, kinetic parameters related to nutrient uptake efficiency are usually not considered, such as those of nitrate (NO 3 −) and ammonium (NH 4 +). N is the nutrient that most impacts growth and yield. The objective of this study was to show the importance of the kinetic parameters of NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake as additional criteria for selecting peach rootstocks. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Three rootstock ('Aldrighi', 'Tsukuba1' and 'Clone 15′) were grown for 30 days in a pot containing 0.1 mol L-1 CaSO4 solution to reduce internal reserves of N. Afterwards, the plants were placed in Hoagland nutrient solution, where periodic collections of the nutrient solution were carried out for three days and the concentrations of NO 3 − and NH 4 + were determined. After the third day of collecting the solution, the plants were collected and then separated into leaves, roots and stems. Dry matter and total N content were assessed. The kinetic parameters related to NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake (maximum uptake rate-V max , affinity constant-K m , Minimum concentration-C min , Influx-I) were calculated using Cinética software. The most efficient rootstock for NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake was 'Tsukuba1', as it showed the lowest values of C min and K m and the highest values of V max and I max for NO 3 − and NH 4 +. NO 3 − uptake in 'Tsukuba1' and 'Aldrighi' showed a two-phase uptake pattern, suggesting the presence of low and high affinity transport systems. On the other hand, NH 4 + uptake in the three cultivars apparently followed a one-phase uptake pattern, suggesting the presence of a high affinity transport system. The kinetic parameters of NO 3 − and NH 4 + uptake are additional criteria that can be used in selecting peach rootstocks, as they directly influence shoot and root dry matter production and N accumulation in leaves.

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Coping with cover crop competition in mature grapevines

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Black plastic mulch combined with summer cover crop increases the yield and water use efficiency of apple tree on the rainfed Loess Plateau

Black plastic mulch combined with summer cover crop increases the yield and water use efficiency of apple tree on the rainfed Loess Plateau

Effects of a Permanent Soil Cover on Water Dynamics and Wine Characteristics in a Steep Vineyard in the Central Spain

Morphological and kinetic parameters of the uptake of nitrogen forms in clonal peach rootstocks

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