“…For example, physical strategies include techniques such as massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, heat and cold application, and positioning (Lander & Fowler‐Kerry, 1993; Mobily et al ., 1994; Ebner, 1996). More research is available about children's pain relief regarding the use of cognitive or cognitive‐behavioural methods such as imagery (Broome et al ., 1994; Pederson, 1995), distraction (Broome et al ., 1994; French et al ., 1994; Vessey et al ., 1994), relaxation and breathing techniques (McDonnel & Bowden, 1989), as well as preparatory information (Patterson & Ware, 1988; Broome, 1990). However, the application of non‐pharmacological methods is not restricted to nurses.…”