Coping mediates relationships between reinforcement sensitivity and symptoms of psychopathology

Desired Emotional Closeness Moderates the Prospective Relations Between Levels of Perceived Emotional Closeness and Psychological Distress

“…We investigated whether emotional support accounted for the emotional closeness seeking that accompanied and followed worry since some studies have found that anxiety can lead to social support seeking (e.g., Hundt et al, 2013). We found that worry did not significantly predict emotional closeness when removing and accounting for emotional support (which is an aspect of both emotional closeness and social support).…”

“…There is conflicting evidence from findings of other interpersonal-related constructs that could help inform whether distressed individuals would seek emotional closeness. For example, there is some evidence of a positive association (e.g., Hundt, Williams, Mendelson, & Nelson-Gray, 2013), no association (e.g., Matheson & Anisman, 2003) and even a negative association (e.g., Norberg, Lindblad, & Boman,, 2006) between different forms of anxiety and social support seeking. Regarding depression, there is evidence of a negative association (e.g., Matheson & Anisman, 2003) and no association (Hundt et al, 2013) with social support seeking.…”

“…For example, there is some evidence of a positive association (e.g., Hundt, Williams, Mendelson, & Nelson-Gray, 2013), no association (e.g., Matheson & Anisman, 2003) and even a negative association (e.g., Norberg, Lindblad, & Boman,, 2006) between different forms of anxiety and social support seeking. Regarding depression, there is evidence of a negative association (e.g., Matheson & Anisman, 2003) and no association (Hundt et al, 2013) with social support seeking. Also, individuals with depression have reported lower levels of the subjective feelings of intimacy in their social interactions compared to individuals without depression (Nezlek, Hampton, & Shean, 2000).…”

Coping strategies within a personality space

“…Although Disengagement has generally been considered maladaptive (Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012;Carver et al, 1989), its location within the personality space may contribute to it being regarded from a wider, functional perspective. On the one hand, it makes us aware that avoidance (like escape or freezing) is not a mere correlate but a definitional feature of the alarm system (Hundt et al, 2013;LeDoux, 2012;Williams et al, 2014). If the alarm system aims to protect the organism from pain and destruction (Nesse & Ellsworth, 2009;Panksepp, 2005), withdrawing from highly menacing and uncontrollable situations seems appropriate, and in fact risk aversion prevails over direct action under such circumstances (Howell, Crosier, & Shepperd, 2014;Keay & Bandler, 2001).…”

“…On the one hand, personality partly determines key aspects of coping such as the rate of exposure to stressful encounters, the level of dangerousness assigned to events, the kind of strategies that are enacted, and the likelihood that such strategies will be successful (Ball, Smolin, & Shekhar, 2002;Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995;Derryberry et al, 2003;Hundt, Williams, Mendelson, & Nelson-Gray, 2013;Shoji, Harrigan, Woll, & Miller, 2010;Williams, Hundt, & Nelson-Gray, 2014). For example, extraverts use more cognitive restructuring, problem solving, and support seeking, whereas neurotic subjects resort more often to denial, distraction and drug use and less to problem-solving and acceptance (Connor-Smith & Flachsbart, 2007).…”