Coping and Immunosuppression: Inescapable But Not Escapable Shock Suppresses Lymphocyte Proliferation

Laudenslager, Mark L.; Ryan, Susan M.; Drugan, Robert C.; Hyson, Richard L.; Maier, Steven F.

doi:10.1126/science.6603018

Cited by 438 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While such effects have been demonstrated in a number of animal studies (Monjan, 1981;Laudenslager et al, 1983), the human literature is more limited (Bartrop et al, 1977;Palmbald, 1981;Jemmott et al, 1983). In earlier studies, we found that medical students had significantly poorer natural killer-cell (NK) activity in blood samples obtained during examinations, in contrast to baseline samples drawn 1 month previously (Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1984a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Distress and DNA repair in human lymphocytes

et al. 1985

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This research assessed differences in DNA repair in lymphocytes from highand low-distressed individuals. A median split on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Scale 2 divided 28 newly admitted nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients into high-and low-distress subgroups.The high-distress subgroup had significantly poorer DNA repair in lymphocytes exposed to X-irradiation than low-distress subjects. We also found that lymphocytes obtained from this psychiatric sample had significantly poorer DATA repair than lymphocytes from nonpsychiatric control subjects when compared 5 hr after X-irradiation. A high level of distress therefore appears to be associated with significant dysfunctional differences at the molecular level which may have important implications for health. These data provide evidence for a direct pathway through which distress could influence the incidence of cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Distress and DNA repair in human lymphocytes

et al. 1985

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“…Kamen-Siegel, Rodin, Seligman, & Dwyer, 1991;Laudenslager, Ryan, Drugan, Hyson, & Maier, 1983;Sieber et al, 1992). Rodin and Langer (1977) found that instilling a sense of control in institutionalized older people reduced subsequent mortality, and Schulz (1976) found that institutionalized older people who were visited by student volunteers on a predictable or controllable schedule were judged happier and healthier than no-visit controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volunteer Support, Marital Status, and the Survival Times of Terminally Ill Patients.

Herbst-Damm¹,

Kulik²

2005

Health Psychology

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This study examines the possibility that volunteer support can influence how long terminally ill patients survive. Hospice patient files (N ϭ 290) were coded for marital status and volunteer support condition, respectively, the latter on the basis of whether visits from volunteers were requested and received (n ϭ 94), requested but not received (n ϭ 28), or neither requested nor received (n ϭ 168). Baseline health, disease type, and demographic dimensions were comparable across support conditions. Results indicated that when a baseline health status effect was controlled for ( p Ͻ .0002), patients in the volunteer support condition survived significantly longer than did patients in either unvisited condition ( p Ͻ .0001). Neither marital status nor gender independently predicted survival time.

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“…Control, or the perception of control, over a stressor also has a big part on the physiological effect. Allowing rodents to escape or control when a negative stressor, such as an electric shock, ends increases tumor rejection, reduces tumor growth and increases lymphocyte stimulation 51,52 . Furthermore, even the perception of control is sufficient to elicit the same psychophysiological buffering to a stressor as actual control 53 .…”

Section: Thermal Stress and Its Effect On Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressed out: providing laboratory animals with behavioral control to reduce the physiological effects of stress

Gaskill

Garner

2017

Lab Anim

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Hans Selye would have made a horrible laboratory animal technician. This budding young 1930s scientist accidently discovered stress physiology and the negative effect chronic exposure has on the body because of his extremely poor rat handling skills 1 . As a result, we know for a fact that husbandry affects the quality of animal models. Despite this knowledge, most labs continue to ignore stressful experiences in rodent models, often because of time or financial costs. Today's researchers and animal technicians of course receive more training and animal welfare oversight than Dr. Selye, but the slow rate of progress in minimizing general stress in the laboratory is disheartening. In addition to the obvious animal welfare ramifications of this lack of advancement, animal models in general show poor predictive validity in terms of translational outcomes in human clinical trials. Roughly 90% of compounds (for example, drugs or other therapeutics) that are 'successful' in animal trials fail in FDA human trials; the majority of these failures are a result of a lack of efficacy 2 . There are certainly many variables that contribute to this failure to translate, including reliance on measures that lack biological or psychological homology, translation of human clinical measures, or simple environmental effects 3 . In addition, we widely assume that strain differences and genetics are a large, if not the largest, influence on mouse behavior. However, in a retrospective study of influences on thermal nociception, strain only accounted for 27% of data variability 4 . On the other hand, environmental factors alone accounted for as much as 42% of data variability in the same study, and the identity of the experimenter actually had more effect on behavior than the genetics of the animal. Other examples highlight even more marked ratios, with enormous effects on experimental power and false discovery rates if not properly accounted for in data analysis 3,5 . Yet there is a substantial lack of research and funding available to determine how the laboratory environment affects animal physiology and behavior, particularly as it relates to characteristics of the human disease being modeled.Temperature as an example of environmental stress Many aspects of the laboratory environment are stressful to rodents and do not accurately reflect human physiology. An animal's environment can include both physiological and social stressors that require an animal to adapt to maintain allostatic balance. Thermal stress, for example, is a known stressor in the laboratory that affects temperature regulation and metabolism and results in poor modeling of human conditions in mouse models. Laboratory mice experience some degree of thermal stress under all recommended housing temperatures 6,7 (typically between 20-26 °C), but are prevented from adequately using many of their behavioral adaptations for thermoregulation and must therefore rely on thermogenic processes. At 23 °C, a mouse's metabolic rate is 60% higher than its metabolic rate at thermoneu...

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Coping and Immunosuppression: Inescapable But Not Escapable Shock Suppresses Lymphocyte Proliferation

Cited by 438 publications

References 26 publications

Distress and DNA repair in human lymphocytes

Distress and DNA repair in human lymphocytes

Volunteer Support, Marital Status, and the Survival Times of Terminally Ill Patients.

Stressed out: providing laboratory animals with behavioral control to reduce the physiological effects of stress

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