Coping and Culture: The Protective Effects of Shift-&amp;-Persist and Ethnic-Racial Identity on Depressive Symptoms in Latinx Youth

Christophe, N. Keita; Stein, Gabriela L.; Romero, Michelle Y. Martin; Chan, Michele; Jensen, Michaeline; González, Laura M.; Kiang, Lisa

doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01037-8

Cited by 41 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…of the shift-and-persist coping strategy served as a protective factor against depressive symptoms for youth who encountered peer discrimination (Christophe et al, 2019). This past finding, paired with participants' description of the reframe and ignore strategy in the present study, highlights the potential utility of implementing such coping strategies when confronted with uncontrollable stressors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Indeed, our finding of this reframe (with pride) and ignore strategy parallels emerging quantitative work on shift-‍&‍-persist processes among low-SES and racial–ethnic minoritized youth where individuals cognitively reappraise an uncontrollable stressor (i.e., shift ) and look to the future and life in a positive way (i.e., persist ; Chen & Miller, 2012). In a study of 175 Latinx youth, greater reported use of the shift-and-persist coping strategy served as a protective factor against depressive symptoms for youth who encountered peer discrimination (Christophe et al, 2019). This past finding, paired with participants’ description of the reframe and ignore strategy in the present study, highlights the potential utility of implementing such coping strategies when confronted with uncontrollable stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial–ethnic discrimination.

Romero¹,

González²,

Stein³

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Psychology

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Coping in the context of racial-ethnic discrimination is often framed as an individualistic process, where the focus is on how the individual deals with the racialized stressor to mitigate its negative effects. However, individuals exist within social contexts including the family and coping processes may operate interdependently as well. Further, racialized stressors have the potential to disrupt the entire family system, regardless of whether the experience in that moment is shared among all its members. Despite these realities, few studies have considered how Latinx youth and their parents may cope together in the face of racial-ethnic discrimination. To address this gap, we analyzed focus group data from Mexican-origin adolescents (n = 17; M age = 12.8; 71% girls) and their parents (n = 17; M age = 42.8; 82% mothers) to explore the coping strategies used in response to racial-ethnic discrimination. An inductive thematic analysis identified a broad range of coping strategies representing both individualistic and interdependent approaches to deal with racial-ethnic discrimination. Strategies included (a) reframing (with pride) and ignoring an encounter, (b) standing up for oneself, (c) talking issues out, (d) problem-solving together, and (e) protection tactics. These findings provide evidence for the ways in which Mexican-origin families help adolescents cope with racial-ethnic discrimination and offer a glimpse as to how adolescents may help their families cope as well. Future research is needed to further explore the interdependent nature of coping as Latinx family members protect and support one another in the face of pervasive racialized stressors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial–ethnic discrimination.

Romero¹,

González²,

Stein³

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Psychology

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“…The convergent and divergent validity of this scale has been investigated among adolescents of older ages (14-18) from diverse SES backgrounds (Chen et al, 2015). Further, this scale has been examined as a protective factor for low-SES children and adolescents (e.g., Christophe et al, 2019;Kallem et al, 2013;Lam et al, 2018). Correlation analyses were conducted to further examine the validity of this scale among the current sample of predominantly African American 9-12-year-old youth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Parenting Is Indirectly Linked to Delayed Reward Discounting via Blunted RSA Reactivity: the Protective Role of a Shift-and-Persist Coping Strategy

Liu

Cui

Duprey³

et al. 2020

ADV RES SCI

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Exposure to adverse parenting experiences, either from being reared under conditions of threat or deprivation, is a major source of chronic stress that is linked to youths' dysregulated stress responses and impulsive decision-making. Many youth, however, adapt well and develop optimal decision-making despite the experience of adversity. Research has shown that the use of cognitive strategies to cope with stress, such as accepting and adapting to an acute stressor (i.e., shifting) and effortfully pursuing future goals (i.e., persisting), can mitigate the influence of adverse parenting experiences on impulsive decision-making and risk behaviors. However, scarce research examines the role of shift-and-persist in mitigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of adverse parenting on youths' decision-making. The current study investigated whether shift-and-persist strategy can buffer the indirect link between adverse parenting and youths' impulsive decision-making via dysregulated stress reactivity gauged by blunted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity. Data were obtained from a longitudinal sample of mostly minority (75.2% African American) low-SES preadolescents and their primary caregivers (N = 101). The youths' decision-making was indexed by an assessment of delayed reward discounting (DRD). Results indicated that the threat dimension of adverse parenting was significantly linked to youths' blunted RSA reactivity. Further, employing a shift-and-persist coping strategy significantly mitigated the indirect effect of threatening parenting behaviors on youths' impulsive DRD via blunted RSA reactivity. Findings from the current study can inform prevention and intervention programs that aim to promote the development of resilience among youth who experience adverse and threatening rearing environments.

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“…Specifically, low ethnic-racial identity youth who faced high levels of discrimination endorsed relatively lower levels depressive symptoms in 9th grade and had marginally more steeply declining trajectories of symptoms throughout the high school years (Stein et al, under review). These two studies, thus, provide initial evidence that S&P coping may, contrary to striving (Brody et al, 2020), be protective against poor mental (Christophe et al, 2019) and physical health (Chen et al, 2015;Lam et al, 2018).…”

Section: Shift-and-persistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift-&-Persist and discrimination predicting depression across the life course: An accelerated longitudinal design using MIDUSI-III

Christophe

Stein

2021

Dev Psychopathol

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Life course theorists posit that sensitive periods exist during life span development where risk and protective factors may be particularly predictive of psychological outcomes relative to other periods in life. While there have been between-cohort studies trying to examine differences in discrimination and depressive symptoms, these studies have not been designed to identify these sensitive periods, which are best modeled by examining intra-individual change across time. To identify sensitive periods where discrimination and shift-&-persist (S&P) – a coping strategy that may protect against the negative impact of discrimination – are most strongly predictive of depressive symptoms, we employed latent growth curve modeling using an accelerated longitudinal design to track intra-individual change in depressive symptoms from ages 20–69. Participants were 3,685 adults measured at three time points ~10 years apart from the Midlife in the United States study (Mage = 37.93, SD = 6.948 at Wave I). Results identified two sensitive periods in development where high levels of S&P interacted with discrimination to protect against depressive symptoms; during the 30s and a lagged effect where 40's S&P protected against depressive symptoms when participants were in their 50s. Implications for the life course study of discrimination, coping, and depression are discussed.

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Coping and Culture: The Protective Effects of Shift-&-Persist and Ethnic-Racial Identity on Depressive Symptoms in Latinx Youth

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial–ethnic discrimination.

Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial–ethnic discrimination.

Adverse Parenting Is Indirectly Linked to Delayed Reward Discounting via Blunted RSA Reactivity: the Protective Role of a Shift-and-Persist Coping Strategy

Shift-&-Persist and discrimination predicting depression across the life course: An accelerated longitudinal design using MIDUSI-III

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