Coping and Adaptation in Patients Discharged from Intensive Care Units

Abstract

RESUMENObjetivo: describir la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación en pacientes egresados de unidades de cuidado intensivo de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado en 171 pacientes egresados de unidades de cuidados intensivos durante el segundo semestre de 2009. Se empleó la Escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación de Callista Roy. Para valorar los factores que miden las estrategias y los recursos de afrontamiento para la adaptación se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y coeficiente de variación. Resultados: el 50,3 % de los participantes fueron mujeres y 49,7 % hombres. La capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación fue del 63,2 %, el 19,9 % presentó mediana capacidad. La baja capacidad reportó 1,2 %. Por factores, el proceso de alerta presentó una mayor puntuación, con 46,2 %, en alta capacidad en las estrategias de afrontamiento, y en el procesamiento sistemático, el 45,0% se ubicó en muy alta capacidad en cuanto a los recursos utilizados para la adaptación. Conclusión: los pacientes reflejaron un estilo de afrontamiento activo con estrategias centradas en el problema tanto cognitivas como comportamentales, percibiendo la situación como controlable. El Modelo de Roy permite a las enfermeras identificar en los pacientes estrategias adecuadas o inefectivas y orientar el cuidado. PALABRAS CLAVEAfrontamiento, adaptación, unidad de cuidados intensivos. (Fuente: DeCS). Describe the capacity for coping and adaptation among patients released from intensive care units in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). Method: A descriptive study of 171 patients who were released from intensive care units in the second half of 2009. Callista Roy's coping and adaptation measurement scale was used. Measures of the central tendency and coefficient of variation were employed to assess the factors that gauge coping strategies and resources for adaptation. Results: 50.3% of the participants were women and 49.7% were men. The capacity to cope and adapt was in 63.2% of the patients studied, while 19.9% showed medium or average capacity, and 1.2% reported low capacity. By factors, the warning process scored highest, with 46.2% of the patients being quite capable in terms of their coping strategies. As for systematic processing, 45.0% showed extremely good capacity with respect to the resources used to adapt. Conclusion: The patients in question displayed an active coping style with cognitive and behavioral strategies centered on the problem and with the situation being perceived as controllable. The Roy model allows nurses to identify adequate or ineffective strategies in patients and to orient care accordingly. KEY WORDSAdaptation, intensive care units, nursing care, critical state, patients (Source: DeCS). Enfrentamento e adaptação em pacientes dados de alta de unidades de cuidados intensivos

Estratégias de coping de acadêmicos de enfermagem diante do estresse universitário

“…When confronted with a threatening situation, individuals may react by using coping strategies in order to handle and adapt to a new situation (2) . Therefore, coping is defined as the ability to confront and adapt, enabling people to react to behaviors, thoughts, and emotions caused by stressful events (3) . It was noted in the literature that nursing students are more exposed to stressful events than students from other courses, because they are continually embroiled in situations of responsibility for the lives and health of patients (1) .…”