Copigmentation gives bluer flowers on transgenic torenia plants with the antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene

Aida, Ryutaro; Yoshida, Kumi; Kondo, Tadao; Kishimoto, Sanae; Shibata, Michio

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00364-2

Cited by 94 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in some cases, these compounds behave as co-pigments that change anthocyanin color by a ecting the equilibrium state of the anthocyanin structures (Asen et al 1972). It was reported that ower color was changed resulting from the inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis in transgenic torenia and lisianthus plants where avonoids served a role as co-pigments (Aida et al 2000;Nielsen et al 2002). These findings suggest that analysis of anthocyanin-related compounds is equally important for understanding the mechanism of ower color changes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Nakayama

Tanikawa

Morita

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyzed flower color mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) obtained by ion-beam irradiation with an idea that a comprehensive analysis of anthocyanin and its biosynthetically related compounds, such as avonols and cinnamic acid derivatives, is necessary in order to understand ower color expression mechanism. In this review, we discuss mechanisms for ower color mutation and deduce the following ideas: anthocyanin and its biosynthetically related compounds are cooperatively and compensatively regulated; multiple factors are o en concerned in the expression of the same color phenotypes; and changes in chemical structure of a pigment induces new properties that generate novel phenotypes. Key words:Anthocyanins, carnation, co-pigments, cyclamen, ion beam.Although ion beam irradiation has been recognized as an e ective technique for plant mutation breeding, this technique tends to be thought of as 'not a scienti c' procedure that depends on contingencies (Tanaka (2012) in this issue). As Tanaka described in the preface of this issue, we are trying to enhance the theoretical aspects of ion beam mutation and show that this is a 'scienti c' and more e cient technique than what is imaged. e main focus of our research has targeted ower-color mutations in cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), whose major pigments are anthocyanins, expecting that the studies of flower color expression mechanism could lead to principle to 'theoretically' obtain mutants.Research of the chemical structure of individual ower pigments is insufficient approach for understanding the regulation of ower color. We now understand the necessity for comprehensive analysis of anthocyanins and biosynthetically related compounds, such as avonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives. In this review, we discuss ower color expression mechanism in ion-beam mutants, presenting the results of our comprehensive analyses. It is noted that we here use a word ' avonoids' meaning flavones and flavonols that are so called 'colorless' avonoids excluding anthocyanins. Flower color is classi ed based on two factors: color depth and coloration. Color depth basically reflects pigment concentration. In a mutant altered in color depth, metabolic activity leading to the biosynthesis of the pigments could have been changed at any step in the pathway. Compounds partially sharing a common biosynthetic pathway with anthocyanins are avonoids such as avone and avonol, and cinnamic acid derivatives such as coumaric acid and ca eic acid (Figure 1). e composition of these compounds changes corresponding to the mutated step in the biosynthetic pathway, and therefore, we can putatively assign the mutation step based on the compositional change. e

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Nakayama

Tanikawa

Morita

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Simpler 1,2 introduced antisense sequences of CHS or DFR in torenia. As well as reducing the density of pigmentation, antisense CHS changed the color (hue) of torenia from purple to reddish purple, whereas antisense DFR changed the color from purple to violet.…”

Section: Significance Of Vacuolar Ph Modification For Petal Color Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purple anthocyanin of the cultivar 'Crown Violet' becomes reddish when expression of the Chalcone synthase (CHS) gene is repressed by an antisense construct, whereas the anthocyanin becomes bluish when expression of the Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene is repressed by an antisense construct. 1,2 These transgenic flowers with altered colouration were also subjected to ion beam treatment to induce additional mutations and thus broaden the spectrum of phenotypes. 3 As well as altering flower color, a new strategy was tested which modified flower shape and pigmentation pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chimeric repressor of petunia PH4 R2R3-MYB family transcription factor generates margined flowers in torenia

Kasajima

Sasaki

2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of new phenotypes is key to the commercial development of the main floricultural species and cultivars. Important new phenotypes include features such as multiple-flowers, color variations, increased flower size, new petal shapes, variegation and distinctive petal margin colourations. Although their commercial use is not yet common, the transgenic technologies provide a potentially rapid means of generating interesting new phenotypes. In this report, we construct 5 vectors which we expected to change the color of the flower anthocyanins, from purple to blue, regulating vacuolar pH. When these constructs were transformed into purple torenia, we unexpectedly recovered some genotypes having slightly margined petals. These transgenic lines expressed a chimeric repressor of the petunia PhPH4 gene under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S RNA promoter. PhPH4 is an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor. The transgenic lines lacked pigmentation in the petal margin cells both on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Expressions of Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), Flavonoid 3 0 -hydroxylase (F3 0 H) and Flavonoid 3 0 5 0 -hydroxylase (F3 0 5 0 H) genes were reduced in the margins of these transgenic lines, suggesting an inhibitory effect of PhPH4 repressor on anthocyanin synthesis.

show abstract

“…When anthocyanins in plants create complexes with copigments such as flavones and flavonols (copigmentation), the visible absorption maximum of the flowers is shifted so that it becomes longer, i.e., the flowers look bluer. Torenia transformants with the antisense DFR gene produced bluer flowers than plants with the antisense CHS gene, and inactivation of the DFR gene caused accumulation of flavones, which might have acted as copigments and resulted in bluer torenia flowers (Aida et al 2000b). The typical modified phenotype among torenia with an introduced antisense gene is a uniformly lighter-colored corolla.…”

Section: Modification Of Flower Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Torenia fournieri (torenia) as a model plant for transgenic studies

Aida

2008

Plant Biotechnology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Copigmentation gives bluer flowers on transgenic torenia plants with the antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene

Cited by 94 publications

References 20 publications

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

A chimeric repressor of petunia PH4 R2R3-MYB family transcription factor generates margined flowers in torenia

Torenia fournieri (torenia) as a model plant for transgenic studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About