Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

Schuckmann, Karina von; Traon, Pierre‐Yves Le; Smith, Neville; Pascual, Ananda; Brasseur, Pierre; Fennel, Katja; Djavidnia, Samy; Aaboe, Signe; Fanjul, Enrique Álvarez; Autret, Emmanuelle; Axell, Lars; Aznar, R.; Benincasa, Mario; Bentamy, Abderahim; Boberg, Fredrik; Bourdallé‐Badie, Romain; Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno; Brando, Vittorio E.; Bricaud, Clément; Breivik, Lars-Anders; Brewin, Robert J. W.; Capet, Arthur; Ceschin, Adrien; Ciliberti, Stefania Angela; Cossarini, Gianpiero; Alfonso, Marta de; Collar, Álvaro de Pascual; Kloe, Jos de; Deshayes, Julie; Desportes, Charles; Drévillon, Marie; Drillet, Yann; Droghei, Riccardo; Dubois, Clotilde; Embury, Owen; Etienne, Hélène; Fratianni, Claudia; García‐Lafuente, Jesús; Sotillo, Marcos García; Garric, Gilles; Gasparin, Florent; Gerin, Riccardo; Good, Simon; Gourrion, Jérôme; Grégoire, Marilaure; Greiner, Eric; Guinehut, S.; Gutknecht, Elodie; Hernández, Fabrice; Hernandez, Olga; Høyer, Jacob L.; Jackson, Laura; Jandt, Simon; Josey, Simon A.; Juza, Mélanie; Kennedy, John J.; Kokkini, Zoi; Κορρές, Γεράσιμος; Kõuts, Mariliis; Lagemaa, Priidik; Lee, Thomas; Cann, Bernard Le; Legeais, Jean-François; Lemieux‐Dudon, Bénédicte; Levier, Bruno; Lien, Vidar S.; Maljutenko, Ilja; Manzano, Fernando; Marcos, Marta; Marinova, Veselka; Masina, Simona; Mauri, Elena; Mayer, Michael; Melet, Angélique; Mélin, Frédéric; Meyssignac, Benoît; Monier, Maeva; Müller, Malte; Mulet, Sandrine; Naranjo, Cristina; Notarstefano, Giulio; Paulmier, Aurélien; Gómez, Begoña Pérez; González, Irene Pérez; Peneva, Elisaveta; Perruche, Coralie; Peterson, K. Andrew; Pinardi, Nadia; Pisano, Andrea; Pardo, Silvia; Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Raj, Roshin P.; Raudsepp, Urmas; Ravdas, Michaelis; Reid, Rebecca; Rio, Marie-Hélène; Salon, Stefano; Samuelsen, Annette; Sammartino, Michela; Sammartino, Simone; Sandø, Anne Britt; Santoleri, Rosalia; Sathyendranath, Shubha; She, Jun; Simoncelli, Simona; Solidoro, Cosimo; Stoffelen, Ad; Storto, Andrea; Szerkely, Tanguy; Tamm, Susanne; Tietsche, Steffen; Tinker, Jonathan; Tintoré, Joaquín; Trindade, Ana; Zanten, Daphne van; Vandenbulcke, Luc; Verhoef, Anton; Verbrugge, Nathalie; Viktorsson, Lena; Wakelin, Sarah; Zacharioudaki, Anna; Zuo, Hao

doi:10.1080/1755876x.2018.1489208

Cited by 109 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 474 publications

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“…Ever since, it has been producing altimetry products for the scientific community in either near real time (NRT), with a delay ranging from a few hours to 1 d, or delayed time (DT), with a delay of a few months. The processing unit has been redesigned and regularly upgraded as knowledge of altimetry processing has been refined (Le Traon and Ogor, 1998;Ducet et al, 2000;Dibarboure et al, 2011;Pujol et al, 2016). Every few years, a complete reprocessing is performed through DUACS that includes all altimetry missions and that uses up-to-date improvements and recommendations from the international altimetry community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products

Taburet¹,

Sánchez-Román²,

Ballarotta³

et al. 2019

Ocean Sci.

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279

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For more than 20 years, the multi-satellite Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS) has been providing near-real-time (NRT) and delayedtime (DT) altimetry products. DUACS datasets range from along-track measurements to multi-mission sea level anomaly (SLA) and absolute dynamic topography (ADT) maps. The DUACS DT2018 ensemble of products is the most recent and major release. For this, 25 years of altimeter data have been reprocessed and are available through the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).Several changes were implemented in DT2018 processing in order to improve the product quality. New altimetry standards and geophysical corrections were used, data selection was refined and optimal interpolation (OI) parameters were reviewed for global and regional map generation. This paper describes the extensive assessment of DT2018 reprocessing. The error budget associated with DT2018 products at global and regional scales was defined and improvements on the previous version were quantified (DT2014;Pujol et al., 2016). DT2018 mesoscale errors were estimated using independent and in situ measurements. They have been reduced by nearly 3 % to 4 % for global and regional products compared to DT2014. This reduction is even greater in coastal areas (up to 10 %) where it is directly linked to the geophysical corrections applied to DT2018 processing. The conclusions are very similar concerning geostrophic currents, for which error was globally reduced by around 5 % and as much as 10 % in coastal areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products

Taburet¹,

Sánchez-Román²,

Ballarotta³

et al. 2019

Ocean Sci.

Self Cite

285

279

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“…These sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can influence the weather and climate over Europe (Josey et al, ), in particular through influencing the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Cassou et al, ), summer precipitation (Dunstone et al, ), and potentially heat waves (Duchez et al, ). Increasing observational coverage over the last few decades, particularly with satellite measurements of sea level and SST, and the Argo network providing temperature and salinity profiles, has revealed large changes in ocean properties and generated a need to understand the processes driving the changes (Robson et al, ; von Schuckmann et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mean State and Variability of the North Atlantic Circulation: A Perspective From Ocean Reanalyses

et al. 2019

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The observational network around the North Atlantic has improved significantly over the last few decades with subsurface profiling floats and satellite observations and the recent efforts to monitor the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). These have shown decadal time scale changes across the North Atlantic including in heat content, heat transport, and the circulation. However, there are still significant gaps in the observational coverage. Ocean reanalyses integrate the observations with a dynamically consistent ocean model and can be used to understand the observed changes. However, the ability of the reanalyses to represent the dynamics must also be assessed. We use an ensemble of global ocean reanalyses to examine the time mean state and interannual-decadal variability of the North Atlantic ocean since 1993. We assess how well the reanalyses are able to capture processes and whether any understanding can be gained. In particular, we examine aspects of the circulation including convection, AMOC and gyre strengths, and transports. We find that reanalyses show some consistency, in particular showing a weakening of the subpolar gyre and AMOC at 50 • N from the mid-1990s until at least 2009 (related to decadal variability in previous studies), a strengthening and then weakening of the AMOC at 26.5 • N since 2000, and impacts of circulation changes on transports. These results agree with model studies and the AMOC observations at 26.5 • N since 2005. We also see less spread across the ensemble in AMOC strength and mixed layer depth, suggesting improvements as the observational coverage has improved.

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“…Reproduced from IPCC AR5 (Rhein et al, 2013, Figure 3.9). Durack and Wijffels, 2010;Helm et al, 2010;Mulet et al, 2018). Surface ocean salinity patterns mirror the climatological mean pattern evaporation and precipitation fluxes at the oceanatmosphere interface, such that high evaporation regions express high climatological salinities (the subtropical convergence zones) and high precipitation regions express low climatological salinities (tropical and sub-polar regions).…”

Section: Observed Changes In Ocean Heat and Freshwater Contentmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, FWC variability in the Arctic largely controls changes in the steric SSH leading to variability in the upper ocean circulation. A recent study shows that the FWC in the Arctic Ocean is characterized by a remarkable increase since the mid 1990s strongly linked to sea ice volume variability (Garric et al, 2018). Finally, the warm waters of Atlantic origin are slowly modified in passing the Arctic Ocean, with a potential to influence the overflow across the Denmark Strait sill into the NADW (Karcher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Case Study: Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the warm waters of Atlantic origin are slowly modified in passing the Arctic Ocean, with a potential to influence the overflow across the Denmark Strait sill into the NADW (Karcher et al, 2011). Changes in basin-wide ocean HC during the past two decades show considerable increase, but estimates have still large uncertainties due to insufficient sampling (Mayer et al, 2016;von Schuckmann et al, 2018).…”

Section: Case Study: Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adequacy of the Ocean Observation System for Quantifying Regional Heat and Freshwater Storage and Change

et al. 2019

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Considerable advances in the global ocean observing system over the last two decades offers an opportunity to provide more quantitative information on changes in heat and freshwater storage. Variations in these storage terms can arise through internal variability and also the response of the ocean to anthropogenic climate change. Disentangling these competing influences on the regional patterns of change and elucidating their governing processes remains an outstanding scientific challenge. This challenge is compounded by instrumental and sampling uncertainties. The combined use of ocean observations and model simulations is the most viable method to assess the forced signal from noise and ascertain the primary drivers of variability and change. Moreover, this approach offers the potential for improved seasonal-to-decadal predictions and the possibility to develop powerful multi-variate constraints on climate model future projections. Regional heat storage changes dominate the steric contribution to sea level rise over most of the ocean and are vital to understanding both global and regional heat budgets. Variations in regional freshwater storage are particularly relevant to our understanding of changes in the hydrological cycle and can potentially be used to verify local ocean mass addition from terrestrial and cryospheric systems associated with contemporary sea level rise. This White Paper will examine the ability of the current ocean observing system to quantify changes in regional heat and freshwater storage. In particular we will seek to answer the question: What time and space scales are currently Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 August 2019 | Volume 6 | Article 416Palmer et al.Regional Heat and Freshwater Observations resolved in different regions of the global oceans? In light of some of the key scientific questions, we will discuss the requirements for measurement accuracy, sampling, and coverage as well as the synergies that can be leveraged by more comprehensively analyzing the multi-variable arrays provided by the integrated observing system.

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Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

Cited by 109 publications

References 474 publications

DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products

DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products

The Mean State and Variability of the North Atlantic Circulation: A Perspective From Ocean Reanalyses

Adequacy of the Ocean Observation System for Quantifying Regional Heat and Freshwater Storage and Change

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