Copepod species abundance from the Southern Ocean and other regions (1980–2005) – a legacy

Cornils, Astrid; Sieger, Rainer; Mizdalski, Elke; Schumacher, Stefanie; Grobe, Hannes; Schnack-Schiel, Sigrid B

doi:10.5194/essd-10-1457-2018

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…As a result of their relatively low contributions to total observations/diversity, and very high overlap between databases, the occurrences of Cladocera and Polychaeta were retrieved from OBIS only (which usually harbors more occurrences). On top of the data collected from OBIS and GBIF, the copepod occurrences from Cornils et al 44 and the pteropod occurrences from the MAREDAT initiative 45 were added to the dataset. This initial collection of zooplankton observations gathered 4,899,151 occurrences worldwide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major restructuring of marine plankton assemblages under global warming

et al. 2021

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Marine phytoplankton and zooplankton form the basis of the ocean’s food-web, yet the impacts of climate change on their biodiversity are poorly understood. Here, we use an ensemble of species distribution models for a total of 336 phytoplankton and 524 zooplankton species to determine their present and future habitat suitability patterns. For the end of this century, under a high emission scenario, we find an overall increase in plankton species richness driven by ocean warming, and a poleward shift of the species’ distributions at a median speed of 35 km/decade. Phytoplankton species richness is projected to increase by more than 16% over most regions except for the Arctic Ocean. In contrast, zooplankton richness is projected to slightly decline in the tropics, but to increase strongly in temperate to subpolar latitudes. In these latitudes, nearly 40% of the phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages are replaced by poleward shifting species. This implies that climate change threatens the contribution of plankton communities to plankton-mediated ecosystem services such as biological carbon sequestration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major restructuring of marine plankton assemblages under global warming

et al. 2021

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“…Temperature is another factor expected to contribute to copepod niches, while dietary modes are related to chl a and wind stress (McGinty et al, ). In the Weddell Sea, copepod observations have primarily been collected in January and February, although data exist for all other months, including samples analyzed by gender and development stages (Cornils et al, ).…”

Section: Biology Ii: Food Web Of the Wgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

Vernet

Geibert

Hoppema

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

148

147

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The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global ocean circulation as well as gas exchange with the atmosphere. We review the state‐of‐the art knowledge concerning the WG from an interdisciplinary perspective, uncovering critical aspects needed to understand this system's role in shaping the future evolution of oceanic heat and carbon uptake over the next decades. The main limitations in our knowledge are related to the conditions in this extreme and remote environment, where the polar night, very low air temperatures, and presence of sea ice year‐round hamper field and remotely sensed measurements. We highlight the importance of winter and under‐ice conditions in the southern WG, the role that new technology will play to overcome present‐day sampling limitations, the importance of the WG connectivity to the low‐latitude oceans and atmosphere, and the expected intensification of the WG circulation as the westerly winds intensify. Greater international cooperation is needed to define key sampling locations that can be visited by any research vessel in the region. Existing transects sampled since the 1980s along the Prime Meridian and along an East‐West section at ~62°S should be maintained with regularity to provide answers to the relevant questions. This approach will provide long‐term data to determine trends and will improve representation of processes for regional, Antarctic‐wide, and global modeling efforts—thereby enhancing predictions of the WG in global ocean circulation and climate.

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“…A continuous updating of krill and salp abundance databases within the Southern Ocean is a must, in order to develop detailed studies regarding food web spatial variability. Abundance data of copepods such as Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas were even sparser in the Southern Ocean ( Supplementary Figures 4C,D), despite of merging the Coastal and Oceanic Plankton Ecology, Production, and Observation Database 12 , the Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Record database 13 and the database provided by Cornils et al (2018). The summary and standardization of published copepods data within a new Southern Ocean database is considered an important challenge ahead for the scientific community.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Biogeochemical Regionalization of the Southern Ocean and the CCAMLR Zone 48.1

2021

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The Southern Ocean plays a major role in the Earth’s climate, provides fisheries products and help the maintenance of biodiversity. The degree of correspondence between physical and biogeochemical spatial variability and regionalization were investigated by calculating the main physical factors that statistically explained the biogeochemical variability within the Southern Ocean and the 48.1 zone of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). The mean value of physical and biogeochemical variables was estimated during austral summer within a grid of 1° × 1° south of 50°S. The regionalization was developed using both non-hierarchical and hierarchical clustering method, whereas BIO-ENV package and distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) were applied in order to calculate which physical factors primarily explained the biogeochemical spatial variability. A total of 12 physical and 18 biogeochemical significant clusters were identified for the Southern Ocean (alpha: 0.05). The combination of bathymetry and sea ice coverage majorly explained biogeochemical variability (Spearman rank correlation coefficient: 0.68) and db-RDA indicated that physical variables expressed the 60.1% of biogeochemical variance. On the other hand, 14 physical and 16 biogeochemical significant clusters were identified for 48.1 CCAMLR zone. Bathymetry was the main factor explaining biogeochemical variability (Spearman coefficient: 0.81) and db-RDA analysis resulted in 77.1% of biogeochemical variance. The correspondence between physical and biogeochemical regions was higher for CCAMLR 48.1 zone with respect to the whole Southern Ocean. Our results provide useful information for both Southern Ocean and CCAMLR 48.1 zone ecosystem management and modeling parametrization.

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Copepod species abundance from the Southern Ocean and other regions (1980–2005) – a legacy

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Major restructuring of marine plankton assemblages under global warming

Major restructuring of marine plankton assemblages under global warming

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

Physical and Biogeochemical Regionalization of the Southern Ocean and the CCAMLR Zone 48.1

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