“…The latter species might be confused with Dinophysis acuta, which is known to occur in Chilean waters (Balech, 2002), but D. acuta is typically larger in size (54-100 mm) and the maximum width is below the mid-line of the cell, which was never the case for the cells found in this study. Records of Dinophysis norvegica cells in this study were almost restricted to the southern and cooler waters, which agrees with its wide distribution in cold-temperate waters of the northern hemisphere, including the Baltic, Norwegian, North and Arctic Seas (Okolodkov and Dodge, 1996;Meyer-Harms and Pollenhe, 1998;Edvardsen et al, 2003;Jansen et al, 2006). Although D. norvegica is known to be frequently toxigenic around the world, our results do not allow a clear association between D. norvegica and particular lipophilic toxins, as this species was always found at lower cell densities than other putatively toxigenic species from the genus in samples that contained toxins.…”